Cover of All Fours
    Fiction

    All Fours

    by July;, Miranda
    Miranda July’s 2024 novel All Fours follows a 45-year-old semi-famous artist who disrupts her stable Los Angeles life with her husband and child by impulsively announcing a cross-country road trip. The journey becomes a catalyst for self-discovery as she grapples with midlife crises, sexual awakening, and perimenopause, culminating in an unexpected affair. Blending humor and poignancy, the novel explores themes of desire, identity, and the search for reinvention in middle age. July’s autofictional style and candid portrayal of female experience have drawn comparisons to a “perimenopause novel,” marking it as a distinctive entry in contemporary literature.

    The chap­ter opens with the nar­ra­tor wait­ing at a Hertz rental office, observ­ing Dav­ey inter­act with cus­tomers while feel­ing pos­ses­sive and unset­tled by his atten­tive­ness to oth­ers. Her inter­nal mono­logue reveals a ten­sion between her pro­fes­sion­al stature and her cur­rent fix­a­tion on Dav­ey, which over­shad­ows her sense of self. A gray-haired woman seat­ed beside her cryp­ti­cal­ly com­ments on her admi­ra­tion for Davey’s physique, lead­ing to an awk­ward exchange. The narrator’s dis­com­fort esca­lates as the woman, lat­er revealed to be Davey’s moth­er Irene, con­tin­ues to probe with unset­tling famil­iar­i­ty, leav­ing the nar­ra­tor flus­tered and defen­sive.

    Irene’s intru­sive demeanor and inti­mate knowl­edge of the narrator’s life—gleaned from Davey—create a sense of unease. Over mine­strone soup at Sesame Grill, Irene divulges per­son­al details about Dav­ey, includ­ing his impend­ing plans to have chil­dren with his part­ner Claire and his alleged depen­dence on her. The nar­ra­tor is offend­ed by Irene’s por­tray­al of Dav­ey as help­less, while Irene simul­ta­ne­ous­ly reveals Davey’s intense attrac­tion to the nar­ra­tor, fram­ing it in spir­i­tu­al terms like kun­dali­ni ener­gy. The con­ver­sa­tion takes a sur­re­al turn as Irene boasts about her son’s sex­u­al edu­ca­tion, fur­ther unset­tling the nar­ra­tor.

    Irene’s mono­logue becomes increas­ing­ly inap­pro­pri­ate as she recounts how she arranged for her friend Audra to intro­duce Dav­ey to sex as a teenag­er, fram­ing it as a respon­si­ble mater­nal act. The narrator’s phys­i­cal discomfort—hunching over the table—mirrors her emo­tion­al dis­tress as Irene over­shares about Davey’s past. The chap­ter high­lights the narrator’s vul­ner­a­bil­i­ty and the inva­sive nature of Irene’s prob­ing, which blurs bound­aries between pri­vate and pub­lic, past and present. The dynam­ic under­scores the narrator’s con­flict­ed feel­ings for Dav­ey, caught between attrac­tion and the dis­com­fort of his mother’s rev­e­la­tions.

    The chap­ter con­cludes with the nar­ra­tor trapped in the con­ver­sa­tion, unable to escape Irene’s relent­less dis­clo­sures. Irene’s lack of fil­ter and the narrator’s pas­sive resis­tance cre­ate a dark­ly comedic ten­sion, empha­siz­ing the absur­di­ty of the sit­u­a­tion. The encounter leaves the nar­ra­tor ques­tion­ing how much Dav­ey has shared about their rela­tion­ship and what his mother’s motives might be. The chap­ter mas­ter­ful­ly cap­tures the awk­ward­ness, intru­sion, and under­ly­ing pow­er strug­gle in this unex­pect­ed meet­ing, leav­ing the narrator—and reader—wondering what comes next.

    FAQs

    • 1. How does the narrator’s reaction to Irene’s comments reveal her complex feelings about Davey?

      Answer:
      The narrator’s physical and emotional reactions—including ear pressure, forced smiling, and violent fantasies—reveal intense discomfort about her attraction being exposed. Her internal monologue shows both self-consciousness (“I wasn’t being careful with my face”) and protectiveness toward Davey (“I was offended by this characterization of him”). The juxtaposition of her professional stature (“Sometimes people wanted my autograph!”) with her vulnerability in this situation highlights the power imbalance in their relationship. Her decision to leave the Hertz “in solidarity” demonstrates performative defiance while actually confirming Irene’s accusation through avoidance.

      2. Analyze how Irene’s conversational tactics create psychological tension in this scene.

      Answer:
      Irene employs a destabilizing mix of intimacy and threat, alternating between confiding (“he’s deeply aroused by you”) and warning (“he’s totally bound in”). Her abrupt subject shifts—from Davey’s puberty to kundalini to his sexual education—keep the narrator off-balance. Specific techniques include faux-innocent questions (“How old are you?”), unsolicited revelations about Davey’s private life, and implied surveillance (“I heard about your four o’clock dates”). The soup-sharing ritual contrasts grotesquely with her graphic descriptions of Davey’s sexual history, mirroring how social niceties mask aggressive interrogation.

      3. What does this chapter reveal about the narrator’s self-perception versus how others perceive her?

      Answer:
      The narrator clings to her identity as a respected professional (“I had stature!”) yet feels reduced to a infatuated teenager in Davey’s presence. Irene’s accurate guess about her age (“Forty-five?”) punctures her carefully maintained image, while references to her family and career are weaponized as reasons she shouldn’t pursue Davey. The gap widens between how she wants to be seen (controlled, dignified) and how she behaves (blushing, fleeing). Davey’s mother treats her as a passing fascination, undermining her self-concept as someone uniquely compelling to him.

      4. How does the setting of mundane locations (Hertz, Sesame Grill) contrast with the emotional intensity of the interactions?

      Answer:
      The corporate banality of Hertz—with its “connected chairs” and rental transactions—heightens the absurdity of Irene’s mystical claims about Davey’s sexual energy. A family restaurant becomes the stage for inappropriate disclosures about teenage sexuality, with minestrone soup served alongside talk of wet dreams. These everyday spaces emphasize how extraordinary the narrator’s obsession is within normal life. The contrast also mirrors Davey’s duality: a map-explaining employee by day, a kundalini-practicing erotic figure in the narrator’s imagination.

      5. Evaluate Irene’s motives in confronting the narrator. What strategic purpose might this serve in the larger narrative?

      Answer:
      Irene appears to be simultaneously warning the narrator away and indulging in vicarious thrill by discussing her son’s sexuality. Her stated goal—protecting Davey’s impending parenthood with Claire—clashes with her lurid storytelling, suggesting she enjoys the power to unsettle. This encounter foreshadows future conflicts by: 1) confirming Davey has confessed their relationship, 2) exposing his psychological dependence on Claire, and 3) introducing mystical elements (kundalini) that may influence their dynamic. Irene’s interference forces the narrator to confront the reality that Davey exists within a web of familial obligations.

    Quotes

    • 1. “In some alternate dimension I engaged with other people, too. And I had stature! Sometimes people wanted my autograph! But I couldn’t even hold that idea in my mind for one second before it was overwhelmed by a new and much more profound thought: Who cares.”

      This quote captures the narrator’s intense fixation on Davey, where even her professional accomplishments and public recognition feel trivial compared to her obsession. It highlights the all-consuming nature of infatuation and how it can eclipse one’s sense of self.

      2. “‘I’ve seen that look before,’ she said. ‘It always surprises me because he was late to puberty, still looked like a little boy until he was sixteen or seventeen. And then all of a sudden: women in the grocery store, girls on the street, grandmothers.’”

      Davey’s mother, Irene, reveals her son’s late-blooming attractiveness and the universal appeal he now holds. This moment is significant as it exposes the narrator’s visible desire for Davey and introduces the awkward dynamic of a mother commenting on her adult son’s sexual magnetism.

      3. “‘I will say this: he’s deeply aroused by you.’ She paused to take a long slurp of soup. ‘In terms of eros, this surpasses any experience he’s had so far. I’ve seen it myself, when he talks about you.’”

      Irene’s blunt revelation about her son’s intense attraction to the narrator creates both tension and validation. This quote is pivotal as it confirms the mutual desire between the narrator and Davey while highlighting the uncomfortable intimacy of a mother discussing her son’s sexual energy.

      4. “‘The day I saw stains on the sheets I called up my best friend, Audra… I said, “Audra, Davey’s having wet dreams. It’s time.“’”

      This shocking anecdote about Davey’s sexual initiation by his mother’s friend demonstrates Irene’s unorthodox parenting style. The quote is significant for its jarring intimacy, revealing how Davey’s mother orchestrated his sexual education in a way that blurs boundaries between maternal care and inappropriate involvement.

    Quotes

    1. “In some alternate dimension I engaged with other people, too. And I had stature! Sometimes people wanted my autograph! But I couldn’t even hold that idea in my mind for one second before it was overwhelmed by a new and much more profound thought: Who cares.”

    This quote captures the narrator’s intense fixation on Davey, where even her professional accomplishments and public recognition feel trivial compared to her obsession. It highlights the all-consuming nature of infatuation and how it can eclipse one’s sense of self.

    2. “‘I’ve seen that look before,’ she said. ‘It always surprises me because he was late to puberty, still looked like a little boy until he was sixteen or seventeen. And then all of a sudden: women in the grocery store, girls on the street, grandmothers.’”

    Davey’s mother, Irene, reveals her son’s late-blooming attractiveness and the universal appeal he now holds. This moment is significant as it exposes the narrator’s visible desire for Davey and introduces the awkward dynamic of a mother commenting on her adult son’s sexual magnetism.

    3. “‘I will say this: he’s deeply aroused by you.’ She paused to take a long slurp of soup. ‘In terms of eros, this surpasses any experience he’s had so far. I’ve seen it myself, when he talks about you.’”

    Irene’s blunt revelation about her son’s intense attraction to the narrator creates both tension and validation. This quote is pivotal as it confirms the mutual desire between the narrator and Davey while highlighting the uncomfortable intimacy of a mother discussing her son’s sexual energy.

    4. “‘The day I saw stains on the sheets I called up my best friend, Audra… I said, “Audra, Davey’s having wet dreams. It’s time.“’”

    This shocking anecdote about Davey’s sexual initiation by his mother’s friend demonstrates Irene’s unorthodox parenting style. The quote is significant for its jarring intimacy, revealing how Davey’s mother orchestrated his sexual education in a way that blurs boundaries between maternal care and inappropriate involvement.

    FAQs

    1. How does the narrator’s reaction to Irene’s comments reveal her complex feelings about Davey?

    Answer:
    The narrator’s physical and emotional reactions—including ear pressure, forced smiling, and violent fantasies—reveal intense discomfort about her attraction being exposed. Her internal monologue shows both self-consciousness (“I wasn’t being careful with my face”) and protectiveness toward Davey (“I was offended by this characterization of him”). The juxtaposition of her professional stature (“Sometimes people wanted my autograph!”) with her vulnerability in this situation highlights the power imbalance in their relationship. Her decision to leave the Hertz “in solidarity” demonstrates performative defiance while actually confirming Irene’s accusation through avoidance.

    2. Analyze how Irene’s conversational tactics create psychological tension in this scene.

    Answer:
    Irene employs a destabilizing mix of intimacy and threat, alternating between confiding (“he’s deeply aroused by you”) and warning (“he’s totally bound in”). Her abrupt subject shifts—from Davey’s puberty to kundalini to his sexual education—keep the narrator off-balance. Specific techniques include faux-innocent questions (“How old are you?”), unsolicited revelations about Davey’s private life, and implied surveillance (“I heard about your four o’clock dates”). The soup-sharing ritual contrasts grotesquely with her graphic descriptions of Davey’s sexual history, mirroring how social niceties mask aggressive interrogation.

    3. What does this chapter reveal about the narrator’s self-perception versus how others perceive her?

    Answer:
    The narrator clings to her identity as a respected professional (“I had stature!”) yet feels reduced to a infatuated teenager in Davey’s presence. Irene’s accurate guess about her age (“Forty-five?”) punctures her carefully maintained image, while references to her family and career are weaponized as reasons she shouldn’t pursue Davey. The gap widens between how she wants to be seen (controlled, dignified) and how she behaves (blushing, fleeing). Davey’s mother treats her as a passing fascination, undermining her self-concept as someone uniquely compelling to him.

    4. How does the setting of mundane locations (Hertz, Sesame Grill) contrast with the emotional intensity of the interactions?

    Answer:
    The corporate banality of Hertz—with its “connected chairs” and rental transactions—heightens the absurdity of Irene’s mystical claims about Davey’s sexual energy. A family restaurant becomes the stage for inappropriate disclosures about teenage sexuality, with minestrone soup served alongside talk of wet dreams. These everyday spaces emphasize how extraordinary the narrator’s obsession is within normal life. The contrast also mirrors Davey’s duality: a map-explaining employee by day, a kundalini-practicing erotic figure in the narrator’s imagination.

    5. Evaluate Irene’s motives in confronting the narrator. What strategic purpose might this serve in the larger narrative?

    Answer:
    Irene appears to be simultaneously warning the narrator away and indulging in vicarious thrill by discussing her son’s sexuality. Her stated goal—protecting Davey’s impending parenthood with Claire—clashes with her lurid storytelling, suggesting she enjoys the power to unsettle. This encounter foreshadows future conflicts by: 1) confirming Davey has confessed their relationship, 2) exposing his psychological dependence on Claire, and 3) introducing mystical elements (kundalini) that may influence their dynamic. Irene’s interference forces the narrator to confront the reality that Davey exists within a web of familial obligations.

    Note