Cover of All Fours
    Fiction

    All Fours

    by July;, Miranda
    Miranda July’s 2024 novel All Fours follows a 45-year-old semi-famous artist who disrupts her stable Los Angeles life with her husband and child by impulsively announcing a cross-country road trip. The journey becomes a catalyst for self-discovery as she grapples with midlife crises, sexual awakening, and perimenopause, culminating in an unexpected affair. Blending humor and poignancy, the novel explores themes of desire, identity, and the search for reinvention in middle age. July’s autofictional style and candid portrayal of female experience have drawn comparisons to a “perimenopause novel,” marking it as a distinctive entry in contemporary literature.

    The chap­ter opens with the nar­ra­tor reflect­ing on mun­dane appoint­ments like den­tal vis­its and oil changes, con­trast­ing them with her cur­rent state of pre­oc­cu­pa­tion with sex­u­al desire. In a gyne­col­o­gist’s wait­ing room, she observes two oth­er women: a preg­nant woman absorbed in her mag­a­zine and an elder­ly woman scrolling on her phone. The nar­ra­tor mus­es on the stark dif­fer­ences in their life stages, imag­in­ing the old­er wom­an’s body with a mix of curios­i­ty and pity, while envy­ing the preg­nant wom­an’s sense of pur­pose and excite­ment. The shared space feels incon­gru­ous, prompt­ing her to wish for a sym­bol­ic sep­a­ra­tion, like the fish tank divider at a pedi­a­tri­cian’s office, to acknowl­edge their irrec­on­cil­able expe­ri­ences.

    Dur­ing her gyne­co­log­i­cal exam, the nar­ra­tor inter­acts with Dr. Men­doza, a holis­tic prac­ti­tion­er who remem­bers her trau­mat­ic birth expe­ri­ence. The doc­tor asks about her well-being, includ­ing flash­backs to the birth of her son, Dav­ey, who was ini­tial­ly still­born but sur­vived. The nar­ra­tor down­plays her lin­ger­ing trau­ma, sur­prised by the doc­tor’s casu­al dis­missal. The con­ver­sa­tion shifts to her men­stru­al cycle, with the nar­ra­tor hint­ing at unusu­al symp­toms but avoid­ing men­tion of her height­ened arousal, which she ini­tial­ly attrib­ut­es to a non-exis­tent polyp. The exam reveals no phys­i­cal abnor­mal­i­ties, leav­ing her to con­front her own desires with­out exter­nal jus­ti­fi­ca­tion.

    The nar­ra­tor reflects on the 17 days fol­low­ing Dav­ey’s birth, when she simul­ta­ne­ous­ly cared for his liv­ing form in the NICU and mourned the “oth­er” baby she felt had died. She describes the emo­tion­al com­plex­i­ty of lov­ing both ver­sions, though over time, tend­ing to the mem­o­ry of the lost baby began to feel per­for­ma­tive. Flash­backs to the trau­mat­ic birth, while painful, pro­vide a strange com­fort, reaf­firm­ing her con­nec­tion to that pri­mal expe­ri­ence. The nar­ra­tor com­pares these episodes to men­stru­al cramps—unwelcome yet ground­ing in their vis­cer­al inevitabil­i­ty.

    The chap­ter clos­es with Dr. Men­doza prob­ing per­i­menopausal symp­toms, which the nar­ra­tor dis­miss­es despite admit­ting to insom­nia and irreg­u­lar bleed­ing. Her vague, uncer­tain answers high­light her dis­con­nec­tion from her own body and iden­ti­ty. The exam ends with­out res­o­lu­tion, leav­ing the nar­ra­tor to grap­ple with the real­iza­tion that her desires and anx­i­eties are entire­ly her own, much like Dum­b­o’s feather—a place­bo she no longer needs. The rub­ber band on her wrist, a sub­tle mark­er of her emo­tion­al state, catch­es the doc­tor’s eye, hint­ing at unre­solved ten­sions beneath the sur­face of their clin­i­cal exchange.

    FAQs

    • 1. How does the narrator’s observation of the other women in the waiting room reflect her own anxieties about aging and sexuality?

      Answer:
      The narrator’s detailed observations reveal her preoccupation with the different life stages of womanhood. She contrasts the pregnant woman’s “exciting” phase of fertility with the elderly woman’s seemingly unremarkable existence, projecting her own fears about becoming irrelevant sexually (“dragging your pussy into this same office, decades after all the reproductive fanfare”). Her graphic imagination of the older woman’s anatomy (“gray labia… ball sacks emptied”) underscores her visceral dread of aging. This scene highlights the narrator’s unresolved tension between reproductive purpose and post-reproductive identity, mirroring her own transitional phase where she’s neither young mother nor elderly woman but grappling with midlife sexuality.

      2. What is the significance of the pediatrician’s waiting room analogy in understanding the narrator’s perspective on generational divides among women?

      Answer:
      The pediatric waiting room analogy (with separate spaces for sick/healthy children divided by a fish tank) symbolizes the narrator’s desire for psychological separation between life stages. She imagines women’s generational experiences as “evaporating dream[s]” that can’t truly be shared or understood across age groups. The distorted fish tank view represents how each generation perceives others through the warped lens of their own current experience. This metaphor underscores the isolation the narrator feels in her specific phase of life - no longer in the “exciting” reproductive stage, but not yet resigned to elderly invisibility. It also critiques society’s failure to create meaningful intergenerational connections among women.

      3. How does the narrator’s experience with the “two babies” (the NICU infant and the imagined stillborn) reveal her complex relationship with trauma and motherhood?

      Answer:
      The seventeen days of simultaneously nurturing the critically ill newborn and mourning the imagined stillborn (“two babies”) created a lasting psychological duality. The narrator describes this as refusing to “play favorites,” showing how trauma forged an inseparable bond between joy and grief. Her continued communication with the “soul in darkness” demonstrates survivor’s guilt and the impossible expectation to honor loss while embracing life. The flashbacks she mentions function like menstrual cramps - painful yet validating, proving she hasn’t abandoned her traumatic experience for conventional motherhood. This paradox reflects how perinatal trauma can permanently alter maternal identity, making routine care (like checkups) emotionally layered experiences.

      4. Analyze the symbolic meaning of the nonexistent polyp in the context of the narrator’s sexual awakening and self-perception.

      Answer:
      The imagined polyp represents the narrator’s need to medically justify her sexual reawakening (“deep arousal”). Like Dumbo’s feather, she clings to the idea of a physical anomaly to explain her desires rather than accepting them as inherent. The discovery of no actual polyp forces confrontation with her own agency - the arousal comes from herself, not pathology. This moment parallels her earlier rubber band snap (a hinted-at BDSM practice), suggesting she struggles to reconcile middle-aged sexuality with societal expectations. The scene critiques how women are conditioned to pathologize natural bodily experiences, especially when they defy conventional narratives about aging female desire.

      5. How does the clinical dialogue about perimenopause symptoms contrast with the narrator’s actual lived experience in the examination room?

      Answer:
      The sterile checklist of symptoms (“hot flashes? insomnia? vaginal dryness?”) clashes with the narrator’s embodied reality - she can’t confidently answer because she experiences herself as “a radio program” rather than measurable symptoms. This disconnect highlights medicine’s limitations in capturing complex midlife transitions. While Dr. Mendoza looks for textbook perimenopause, the narrator grapples with existential questions about sexuality and mortality that transcend clinical categories. The exchange reveals how women’s health often reduces profound physiological-emotional transitions to binary yes/no questions, failing to address the narrator’s deeper need to understand her changing relationship with her body and identity.

    Quotes

    • 1. “There was something wrong about all of us sharing the same room. At the pediatrician’s there was one waiting room for sick kids and another for the healthy ones and a big fish tank in the shared wall so you could stare through the glass at the other kind of kids.”

      This quote powerfully captures the narrator’s sense of generational alienation in the gynecologist’s waiting room, comparing it to the segregated spaces of pediatric care. It reflects on how women at different life stages view each other with pity or incomprehension.

      2. “For seventeen days there were two babies: one floated in darkness, fairly free and unbothered, and one was laboring in an isolette in the NICU… I loved both babies dearly, passionately, and for those seventeen days I did not play favorites because regardless of the outcome I knew I would always have two babies.”

      This poignant passage reveals the narrator’s complex experience of motherhood after a traumatic birth, holding space simultaneously for both the living child and the potential of loss. It illustrates the psychological duality many parents face in medical crises.

      3. “A flashback was actually a lot like a period. Involuntary, not easy, but still a relief, to be unexpectedly pulled into something so primeval, almost cozy in its leveling pain.”

      This striking comparison between trauma flashbacks and menstruation captures the narrator’s complex relationship with pain and memory. It shows how bodily experiences can become metaphors for psychological processes.

      4. “She was asking me to describe myself as if I was a horse I owned when actually I was more like a radio program, an ongoing narration that I could barely recall.”

      This insightful metaphor reveals the narrator’s struggle with self-perception and medical questioning. It critiques how healthcare often demands fixed self-knowledge when lived experience is fluid and hard to articulate.

      5. “I was like Dumbo thinking the feather made him fly but really it was just him all along. Or Davey. Snap.”

      This brief but loaded reference to the Dumbo myth captures the narrator’s realization about self-delusion and misplaced attribution of power. The abrupt “Snap” suggests a moment of painful clarity about relationships and self-perception.

    Quotes

    1. “There was something wrong about all of us sharing the same room. At the pediatrician’s there was one waiting room for sick kids and another for the healthy ones and a big fish tank in the shared wall so you could stare through the glass at the other kind of kids.”

    This quote powerfully captures the narrator’s sense of generational alienation in the gynecologist’s waiting room, comparing it to the segregated spaces of pediatric care. It reflects on how women at different life stages view each other with pity or incomprehension.

    2. “For seventeen days there were two babies: one floated in darkness, fairly free and unbothered, and one was laboring in an isolette in the NICU… I loved both babies dearly, passionately, and for those seventeen days I did not play favorites because regardless of the outcome I knew I would always have two babies.”

    This poignant passage reveals the narrator’s complex experience of motherhood after a traumatic birth, holding space simultaneously for both the living child and the potential of loss. It illustrates the psychological duality many parents face in medical crises.

    3. “A flashback was actually a lot like a period. Involuntary, not easy, but still a relief, to be unexpectedly pulled into something so primeval, almost cozy in its leveling pain.”

    This striking comparison between trauma flashbacks and menstruation captures the narrator’s complex relationship with pain and memory. It shows how bodily experiences can become metaphors for psychological processes.

    4. “She was asking me to describe myself as if I was a horse I owned when actually I was more like a radio program, an ongoing narration that I could barely recall.”

    This insightful metaphor reveals the narrator’s struggle with self-perception and medical questioning. It critiques how healthcare often demands fixed self-knowledge when lived experience is fluid and hard to articulate.

    5. “I was like Dumbo thinking the feather made him fly but really it was just him all along. Or Davey. Snap.”

    This brief but loaded reference to the Dumbo myth captures the narrator’s realization about self-delusion and misplaced attribution of power. The abrupt “Snap” suggests a moment of painful clarity about relationships and self-perception.

    FAQs

    1. How does the narrator’s observation of the other women in the waiting room reflect her own anxieties about aging and sexuality?

    Answer:
    The narrator’s detailed observations reveal her preoccupation with the different life stages of womanhood. She contrasts the pregnant woman’s “exciting” phase of fertility with the elderly woman’s seemingly unremarkable existence, projecting her own fears about becoming irrelevant sexually (“dragging your pussy into this same office, decades after all the reproductive fanfare”). Her graphic imagination of the older woman’s anatomy (“gray labia… ball sacks emptied”) underscores her visceral dread of aging. This scene highlights the narrator’s unresolved tension between reproductive purpose and post-reproductive identity, mirroring her own transitional phase where she’s neither young mother nor elderly woman but grappling with midlife sexuality.

    2. What is the significance of the pediatrician’s waiting room analogy in understanding the narrator’s perspective on generational divides among women?

    Answer:
    The pediatric waiting room analogy (with separate spaces for sick/healthy children divided by a fish tank) symbolizes the narrator’s desire for psychological separation between life stages. She imagines women’s generational experiences as “evaporating dream[s]” that can’t truly be shared or understood across age groups. The distorted fish tank view represents how each generation perceives others through the warped lens of their own current experience. This metaphor underscores the isolation the narrator feels in her specific phase of life - no longer in the “exciting” reproductive stage, but not yet resigned to elderly invisibility. It also critiques society’s failure to create meaningful intergenerational connections among women.

    3. How does the narrator’s experience with the “two babies” (the NICU infant and the imagined stillborn) reveal her complex relationship with trauma and motherhood?

    Answer:
    The seventeen days of simultaneously nurturing the critically ill newborn and mourning the imagined stillborn (“two babies”) created a lasting psychological duality. The narrator describes this as refusing to “play favorites,” showing how trauma forged an inseparable bond between joy and grief. Her continued communication with the “soul in darkness” demonstrates survivor’s guilt and the impossible expectation to honor loss while embracing life. The flashbacks she mentions function like menstrual cramps - painful yet validating, proving she hasn’t abandoned her traumatic experience for conventional motherhood. This paradox reflects how perinatal trauma can permanently alter maternal identity, making routine care (like checkups) emotionally layered experiences.

    4. Analyze the symbolic meaning of the nonexistent polyp in the context of the narrator’s sexual awakening and self-perception.

    Answer:
    The imagined polyp represents the narrator’s need to medically justify her sexual reawakening (“deep arousal”). Like Dumbo’s feather, she clings to the idea of a physical anomaly to explain her desires rather than accepting them as inherent. The discovery of no actual polyp forces confrontation with her own agency - the arousal comes from herself, not pathology. This moment parallels her earlier rubber band snap (a hinted-at BDSM practice), suggesting she struggles to reconcile middle-aged sexuality with societal expectations. The scene critiques how women are conditioned to pathologize natural bodily experiences, especially when they defy conventional narratives about aging female desire.

    5. How does the clinical dialogue about perimenopause symptoms contrast with the narrator’s actual lived experience in the examination room?

    Answer:
    The sterile checklist of symptoms (“hot flashes? insomnia? vaginal dryness?”) clashes with the narrator’s embodied reality - she can’t confidently answer because she experiences herself as “a radio program” rather than measurable symptoms. This disconnect highlights medicine’s limitations in capturing complex midlife transitions. While Dr. Mendoza looks for textbook perimenopause, the narrator grapples with existential questions about sexuality and mortality that transcend clinical categories. The exchange reveals how women’s health often reduces profound physiological-emotional transitions to binary yes/no questions, failing to address the narrator’s deeper need to understand her changing relationship with her body and identity.

    Note