Cover of All Fours
    Fiction

    All Fours

    by July;, Miranda
    Miranda July’s 2024 novel All Fours follows a 45-year-old semi-famous artist who disrupts her stable Los Angeles life with her husband and child by impulsively announcing a cross-country road trip. The journey becomes a catalyst for self-discovery as she grapples with midlife crises, sexual awakening, and perimenopause, culminating in an unexpected affair. Blending humor and poignancy, the novel explores themes of desire, identity, and the search for reinvention in middle age. July’s autofictional style and candid portrayal of female experience have drawn comparisons to a “perimenopause novel,” marking it as a distinctive entry in contemporary literature.

    The chap­ter opens with the pro­tag­o­nist dri­ving home after an extend­ed absence, con­sumed by anx­i­ety about rein­te­grat­ing into her domes­tic life. She obsess­es over triv­ial details like the car’s clean­li­ness and fab­ri­cates a neck injury to explain her strained demeanor. Her inter­nal mono­logue reveals she’s been hid­ing a secret affair with a Hertz employ­ee instead of trav­el­ing to New York as claimed. The famil­iar­i­ty of her neigh­bor­hood feels sur­re­al, and a brief inter­ac­tion with her neigh­bor Ken high­lights her emo­tion­al dis­con­nec­tion. She fan­ta­sizes about con­fess­ing her tur­moil to him, imag­in­ing a tem­po­rary refuge in his home, but ulti­mate­ly returns to her own dri­ve­way, dread­ing the impend­ing reunion with her fam­i­ly.

    Upon enter­ing her house, she notices sub­tle changes—new objects, a slight mess—that under­score her pro­longed absence. She busies her­self with unpack­ing, hop­ing to appear occu­pied when her fam­i­ly arrives. When they return, she hides in the base­ment, par­a­lyzed by guilt and the impos­si­bil­i­ty of bridg­ing her secret life with her domes­tic real­i­ty. The sounds of her child, Sam, and hus­band, Har­ris, ampli­fy her emo­tion­al tur­moil. She feels like a frag­ment­ed soul, torn between two irrec­on­cil­able worlds, unable to merge her iden­ti­ties. At the last moment, she emerges, feign­ing nor­mal­cy, and is swept into a tear­ful reunion, mask­ing her inner chaos with exag­ger­at­ed affec­tion.

    The next morn­ing, the pro­tag­o­nist wakes up over­whelmed by despair, con­trast­ing the joy of her affair with the monot­o­ny of her dai­ly life. The mun­dane task of prepar­ing Sam’s lunch becomes a Her­culean effort, and she breaks down sob­bing mid-task. Her usu­al cop­ing mechanism—enduring hard­ship for future relief—fails her, leav­ing her trapped in the present with no escape. The chap­ter cap­tures her pro­found dis­lo­ca­tion, as she mechan­i­cal­ly per­forms mater­nal duties while emo­tion­al­ly unrav­el­ing, unable to rec­on­cile her desires with her respon­si­bil­i­ties.

    The chap­ter poignant­ly explores themes of dual­i­ty, guilt, and the strug­gle to main­tain appear­ances. The protagonist’s inter­nal con­flict is mir­rored in her phys­i­cal actions, from hid­ing in the base­ment to forc­ing her­self through rou­tines. Her fleet­ing moments of con­nec­tion with her fam­i­ly are over­shad­owed by her secret, high­light­ing the iso­lat­ing nature of decep­tion. The nar­ra­tive style, blend­ing stream-of-con­scious­ness with vivid imagery, immers­es the read­er in her psy­cho­log­i­cal tur­moil, mak­ing her emo­tion­al land­scape as tan­gi­ble as the domes­tic set­ting she both cher­ish­es and resents.

    FAQs

    • 1. How does the narrator’s physical discomfort (her neck pain) serve as both a literal and metaphorical element in this chapter?

      Answer:
      The narrator’s seized neck serves as both a physical ailment and a symbolic representation of her emotional tension. Literally, she plans to use it as an excuse for her behavior (“I did something to my neck…that would explain everything”), masking her guilt about the affair. Metaphorically, the stiffness reflects her psychological rigidity—her inability to smoothly transition between her secret life with the Hertz employee and her family life. The pain mirrors her emotional “stuckness,” as she struggles to reconcile these opposing worlds (pages 139-140).

      2. Analyze the significance of the narrator’s interaction with neighbor Ken. What does it reveal about her state of mind?

      Answer:
      The brief exchange with Ken highlights the narrator’s paranoia and performative guilt. When Ken notes her absence, she overexplains (“I drove across the country”), betraying her fear of suspicion. Her hesitation to end the conversation—fantasizing about confessing to Ken and seeking refuge in his home—reveals her desperation for absolution. This imagined scenario (“Think of our home as a halfway house”) underscores her self-awareness of being morally adrift, yet her ultimate choice to return to her family shows her clinging to societal norms (pages 140-141).

      3. What does the basement scene reveal about the narrator’s internal conflict regarding motherhood and identity?

      Answer:
      The basement scene epitomizes her fractured self. She hides physically (“crouched between my suitcases”) just as she’s hidden her affair, paralyzed by the impossibility of merging her roles as mother and lover. Her delay in greeting Sam—despite longing to see them—reflects her shame and fear of exposure. The description of her spirit as “misshapen” and “too much a soul” suggests she views motherhood as incompatible with her desire for poetic/romantic fulfillment. Her eventual tearful reunion with Sam and Harris (“My dear family. Thank God for it”) rings hollow, revealing performative guilt rather than resolution (pages 141-142).

      4. How does the narrator’s description of her home environment contrast with her emotional experience of returning?

      Answer:
      The home’s mundane details (“new drawings on the refrigerator,” “weird purple cardboard box”) emphasize its ordinariness, which feels alien to her heightened emotional state. The “fundamentally dirty” state she wouldn’t normally tolerate mirrors her own compromised morals. While the house is physically unchanged (“a diorama of itself”), her perception of it is distorted by guilt. The juxtaposition of domestic rituals (making kale salad) with her sobbing underscores the dissonance between outward normalcy and inner turmoil, highlighting the unsustainable duality of her life (pages 141-142).

      5. Evaluate the chapter’s closing lines about the narrator’s “system of grit followed by release.” How does this philosophy fail her in this context?

      Answer:
      Her usual coping mechanism—enduring hardship (“grit”) for future relief (“release”)—collapses because the affair has disrupted her moral framework. Previously, she could endure stress by anticipating creative fulfillment (“a premiere to work toward”). Now, the “release” (the affair’s joy) is morally untenable, and the “grit” (returning to family) offers no catharsis, only a “colorless expanse.” The cyclical nature of her pain (“this was too hard to grit through”) reveals that her system relies on compartmentalization, which fails when her actions demand holistic accountability (page 142).

    Quotes

    • 1. “How could anyone see this face and not think: that person is in love? But luckily life wasn’t like that.”

      This quote captures the protagonist’s internal conflict between her intense emotions and the mundane reality she must present to the world. It highlights the tension between her secret affair and the need to maintain appearances upon returning home.

      2. “I had weighted things too heavily in the direction of music and poetry, and my spirit, thusly animated, had come to think of itself as a full person. It did not understand how misshapen it was.”

      This profound reflection reveals the protagonist’s existential crisis, showing how her romantic idealism has distorted her sense of self. It represents a key moment of self-awareness about her divided nature.

      3. “They could not find me. I pounded up the stairs in what felt like the very last second; the last train home.”

      This powerful metaphor illustrates the protagonist’s emotional limbo between two lives. The physical hiding mirrors her psychological state of being torn between family and lover.

      4. “Regular life—my actual life—was completely gray, a colorless, never-ending expanse.”

      This stark contrast between the excitement of her affair and the monotony of domestic life encapsulates the chapter’s central conflict. It shows the painful reentry into reality after an intense experience.

      5. “My system of grit followed by release was completely broken—this was too hard to grit through and there was no future release to look forward to.”

      This quote reveals the protagonist’s coping mechanism and its collapse, demonstrating how her secret life has disrupted her ability to function in her marriage. It’s a key insight into her psychological state.

    Quotes

    1. “How could anyone see this face and not think: that person is in love? But luckily life wasn’t like that.”

    This quote captures the protagonist’s internal conflict between her intense emotions and the mundane reality she must present to the world. It highlights the tension between her secret affair and the need to maintain appearances upon returning home.

    2. “I had weighted things too heavily in the direction of music and poetry, and my spirit, thusly animated, had come to think of itself as a full person. It did not understand how misshapen it was.”

    This profound reflection reveals the protagonist’s existential crisis, showing how her romantic idealism has distorted her sense of self. It represents a key moment of self-awareness about her divided nature.

    3. “They could not find me. I pounded up the stairs in what felt like the very last second; the last train home.”

    This powerful metaphor illustrates the protagonist’s emotional limbo between two lives. The physical hiding mirrors her psychological state of being torn between family and lover.

    4. “Regular life—my actual life—was completely gray, a colorless, never-ending expanse.”

    This stark contrast between the excitement of her affair and the monotony of domestic life encapsulates the chapter’s central conflict. It shows the painful reentry into reality after an intense experience.

    5. “My system of grit followed by release was completely broken—this was too hard to grit through and there was no future release to look forward to.”

    This quote reveals the protagonist’s coping mechanism and its collapse, demonstrating how her secret life has disrupted her ability to function in her marriage. It’s a key insight into her psychological state.

    FAQs

    1. How does the narrator’s physical discomfort (her neck pain) serve as both a literal and metaphorical element in this chapter?

    Answer:
    The narrator’s seized neck serves as both a physical ailment and a symbolic representation of her emotional tension. Literally, she plans to use it as an excuse for her behavior (“I did something to my neck…that would explain everything”), masking her guilt about the affair. Metaphorically, the stiffness reflects her psychological rigidity—her inability to smoothly transition between her secret life with the Hertz employee and her family life. The pain mirrors her emotional “stuckness,” as she struggles to reconcile these opposing worlds (pages 139-140).

    2. Analyze the significance of the narrator’s interaction with neighbor Ken. What does it reveal about her state of mind?

    Answer:
    The brief exchange with Ken highlights the narrator’s paranoia and performative guilt. When Ken notes her absence, she overexplains (“I drove across the country”), betraying her fear of suspicion. Her hesitation to end the conversation—fantasizing about confessing to Ken and seeking refuge in his home—reveals her desperation for absolution. This imagined scenario (“Think of our home as a halfway house”) underscores her self-awareness of being morally adrift, yet her ultimate choice to return to her family shows her clinging to societal norms (pages 140-141).

    3. What does the basement scene reveal about the narrator’s internal conflict regarding motherhood and identity?

    Answer:
    The basement scene epitomizes her fractured self. She hides physically (“crouched between my suitcases”) just as she’s hidden her affair, paralyzed by the impossibility of merging her roles as mother and lover. Her delay in greeting Sam—despite longing to see them—reflects her shame and fear of exposure. The description of her spirit as “misshapen” and “too much a soul” suggests she views motherhood as incompatible with her desire for poetic/romantic fulfillment. Her eventual tearful reunion with Sam and Harris (“My dear family. Thank God for it”) rings hollow, revealing performative guilt rather than resolution (pages 141-142).

    4. How does the narrator’s description of her home environment contrast with her emotional experience of returning?

    Answer:
    The home’s mundane details (“new drawings on the refrigerator,” “weird purple cardboard box”) emphasize its ordinariness, which feels alien to her heightened emotional state. The “fundamentally dirty” state she wouldn’t normally tolerate mirrors her own compromised morals. While the house is physically unchanged (“a diorama of itself”), her perception of it is distorted by guilt. The juxtaposition of domestic rituals (making kale salad) with her sobbing underscores the dissonance between outward normalcy and inner turmoil, highlighting the unsustainable duality of her life (pages 141-142).

    5. Evaluate the chapter’s closing lines about the narrator’s “system of grit followed by release.” How does this philosophy fail her in this context?

    Answer:
    Her usual coping mechanism—enduring hardship (“grit”) for future relief (“release”)—collapses because the affair has disrupted her moral framework. Previously, she could endure stress by anticipating creative fulfillment (“a premiere to work toward”). Now, the “release” (the affair’s joy) is morally untenable, and the “grit” (returning to family) offers no catharsis, only a “colorless expanse.” The cyclical nature of her pain (“this was too hard to grit through”) reveals that her system relies on compartmentalization, which fails when her actions demand holistic accountability (page 142).

    Note