Cover of Martyr!
    Poetry

    Martyr!

    by Kaveh Akbar
    “Martyr!” by Kaveh Akbar follows Cyrus Shams, a first-generation Iranian American poet grappling with addiction, grief, and identity after his mother’s death in a U.S. government-related plane bombing. The novel traces Cyrus’s journey as he seeks meaning through art, faith, and encounters with figures like a terminally ill artist in the Brooklyn Museum. Themes of legacy, sacrifice, and the immigrant experience are explored through Cyrus’s introspective quest, blending personal tragedy with broader existential questions. Akbar’s debut novel is noted for its lyrical prose and examination of how individuals navigate pain and purpose.

    The chap­ter fol­lows Cyrus and Zee in Brook­lyn as they spend a qui­et evening togeth­er, order­ing piz­za and watch­ing TV in their hotel. Zee reflects on the lux­u­ry of doing noth­ing in a city full of pos­si­bil­i­ties, fram­ing it as an “oppor­tu­ni­ty cost” that feels opu­lent. Their ban­ter over pineap­ple on piz­za leads to a play­ful debate about botan­i­cal ver­sus culi­nary terms, show­cas­ing their easy cama­raderie. The scene is inti­mate and relaxed, with the pair enjoy­ing each oth­er’s com­pa­ny while watch­ing *The Office* reruns, set­ting a tone of domes­tic com­fort amid their trav­els.

    Their con­ver­sa­tion shifts to media and cul­tur­al sen­si­tiv­i­ty, dis­cussing how old­er shows like *The Office* and *All in the Fam­i­ly* wouldn’t be made today due to shift­ing soci­etal norms. Cyrus mus­es about the “Over­ton win­dow” of accept­able dis­course, while Zee cor­rects his mis­pro­nun­ci­a­tion, adding a light­heart­ed touch. They bond over shared dis­com­fort with prob­lem­at­ic con­tent in beloved child­hood media, from *The Bell Jar* to John Hugh­es films, reflect­ing on how cul­tur­al arti­facts age poor­ly. Their dia­logue under­scores a broad­er theme of reeval­u­at­ing nos­tal­gia through a mod­ern eth­i­cal lens.

    Lat­er, their play­ful dynam­ic con­tin­ues as Cyrus pre­pares to show­er, and Zee humor­ous­ly lists impos­si­ble requests, from solv­ing glob­al fas­cism to acquir­ing a drum kit. The scene tran­si­tions to a moment of inti­ma­cy, with Cyrus join­ing Zee in bed after his show­er. The chap­ter cap­tures their affec­tion­ate rap­port, blend­ing humor, intel­lec­tu­al dis­cus­sion, and phys­i­cal close­ness, paint­ing a vivid pic­ture of their rela­tion­ship.

    The chap­ter con­cludes with the pair step­ping out­side for a cig­a­rette, where Zee checks in about Cyrus’s plans for the next day at the muse­um. Cyrus admits he hasn’t thought beyond ask­ing Orkideh a key ques­tion, and Zee express­es con­cern about him being emo­tion­al­ly unpre­pared for her response. Their exchange high­lights Zee’s pro­tec­tive nature and Cyrus’s unre­solved emo­tion­al stakes, end­ing on a note of qui­et antic­i­pa­tion for the chal­lenges ahead.

    FAQs

    • 1. How does Zee characterize the experience of doing nothing in New York City, and what economic concept does he use to explain this feeling?

      Answer:
      Zee describes doing nothing in New York City as feeling “luxurious” and “opulent” because of the immense “opportunity cost” involved. The opportunity cost—an economic concept referring to the potential benefits one misses out on when choosing one alternative over others—is particularly high in a city like New York where there are endless possibilities for activities and experiences. By choosing to stay in and watch TV instead of exploring the city, Zee and Cyrus are consciously forgoing other opportunities, which paradoxically makes their inaction feel indulgent (page 217).

      2. Analyze the conversation between Cyrus and Zee about outdated media. What broader cultural concept does their discussion touch upon, and how does Cyrus initially misname it?

      Answer:
      Their conversation about shows like The Office, The Honeymooners, and All in the Family highlights how cultural norms and acceptable humor evolve over time. Cyrus refers to this shifting boundary of acceptability as the “Everton window,” which Zee corrects to the “Overton window”—a political science concept describing the range of ideas tolerated in public discourse. Their discussion underscores how media reflects and challenges societal norms, often becoming controversial or outdated as values progress (pages 218-219).

      3. What does the exchange about pineapple on pizza reveal about Cyrus and Zee’s dynamic and their approaches to conventional opinions?

      Answer:
      When Cyrus reflexively criticizes pineapple on pizza—a common but unexamined opinion—Zee counters with a technical distinction between botanical (“fruit”) and culinary (“vegetable”) terms, dismissing such debates as meaningless. This shows their playful intellectual rapport: Cyrus occasionally defaults to societal norms, while Zee challenges them with logical precision. Their lighthearted interaction (Cyrus flicking pineapple at Zee) also reveals their comfort with teasing and disagreement, making their relationship feel authentic and engaging (page 217).

      4. How does Zee’s joke about “ethical hygiene” tie into the chapter’s themes of cultural reevaluation and personal growth?

      Answer:
      When Zee teases Cyrus about his “immaculate ethical hygiene,” he humorously critiques the inevitability of encountering problematic content in older media. This mirrors their broader discussion about reevaluating past works (e.g., The Bell Jar, John Hughes films) through a modern lens. The joke underscores the tension between personal growth and nostalgia, suggesting that while awareness of past flaws is important, self-righteousness can be reductive. It also reflects their shared willingness to confront uncomfortable truths while maintaining humor (pages 218-219).

      5. What symbolic significance might the shower scene and its aftermath hold in the context of Cyrus and Zee’s relationship?

      Answer:
      The shower scene marks a transition from intellectual banter to intimate vulnerability. Cyrus emerges “still wet” and bare, literally and figuratively shedding the day’s conversations, while Zee appears “firm, saturated with life”—a contrast that highlights their emotional balance. Their later cigarette break, where they discuss Cyrus’s anxieties about the museum visit, shows how their relationship blends physical comfort with deep emotional support. The sequence mirrors the chapter’s movement from superficial debates to meaningful connection (pages 219-220).

    Quotes

    • 1. “Zee talked about how luxurious it felt to do nothing in New York City, a place where you could do anything. He kept saying ‘opportunity cost,’ that the opportunity cost of doing nothing in the city was so immense that it felt opulent.”

      This quote captures the paradoxical luxury of inactivity in a hyper-stimulating environment like New York. It introduces the economic concept of “opportunity cost” in a personal, relatable way, framing idleness as a deliberate (even decadent) choice.

      2. “That kind of comedy always exists on the edge of what you’re allowed to say at the moment. And that edge keeps moving. With the moment. The Overton window or whatever.”

      This exchange between Cyrus and Zee reflects on cultural evolution and censorship through the lens of comedy. It highlights how societal norms shift over time, making past media artifacts sometimes uncomfortable or unacceptable by contemporary standards.

      3. “I’m constantly afraid to read the books I loved as a kid because I know there’s going to be some awful shit in there.”

      This poignant admission from Cyrus speaks to the universal experience of revisiting childhood favorites with adult awareness. It encapsulates the tension between nostalgia and evolving social consciousness, particularly regarding problematic content in classic works.

      4. “Can you arrest the world’s encroaching entropy? Fix irreversible ecological collapse?… The rising specter of global fascism?… New Vistalite drum kit?”

      Zee’s humorous yet existential request list blends global crises with personal desire, creating a darkly comic moment that reflects contemporary anxieties. The progression from apocalyptic concerns to a mundane musical instrument creates a jarring, memorable contrast.

      5. “I have no siblings, no partner. I got sober two years ago, meaning I’ve lived two years of useful life more than I was supposed to.”

      This vulnerable statement from Cyrus reveals his personal struggles and sense of borrowed time. It provides insight into his character’s psychology and motivations while touching on themes of addiction, survival, and purpose.

    Quotes

    1. “Zee talked about how luxurious it felt to do nothing in New York City, a place where you could do anything. He kept saying ‘opportunity cost,’ that the opportunity cost of doing nothing in the city was so immense that it felt opulent.”

    This quote captures the paradoxical luxury of inactivity in a hyper-stimulating environment like New York. It introduces the economic concept of “opportunity cost” in a personal, relatable way, framing idleness as a deliberate (even decadent) choice.

    2. “That kind of comedy always exists on the edge of what you’re allowed to say at the moment. And that edge keeps moving. With the moment. The Overton window or whatever.”

    This exchange between Cyrus and Zee reflects on cultural evolution and censorship through the lens of comedy. It highlights how societal norms shift over time, making past media artifacts sometimes uncomfortable or unacceptable by contemporary standards.

    3. “I’m constantly afraid to read the books I loved as a kid because I know there’s going to be some awful shit in there.”

    This poignant admission from Cyrus speaks to the universal experience of revisiting childhood favorites with adult awareness. It encapsulates the tension between nostalgia and evolving social consciousness, particularly regarding problematic content in classic works.

    4. “Can you arrest the world’s encroaching entropy? Fix irreversible ecological collapse?… The rising specter of global fascism?… New Vistalite drum kit?”

    Zee’s humorous yet existential request list blends global crises with personal desire, creating a darkly comic moment that reflects contemporary anxieties. The progression from apocalyptic concerns to a mundane musical instrument creates a jarring, memorable contrast.

    5. “I have no siblings, no partner. I got sober two years ago, meaning I’ve lived two years of useful life more than I was supposed to.”

    This vulnerable statement from Cyrus reveals his personal struggles and sense of borrowed time. It provides insight into his character’s psychology and motivations while touching on themes of addiction, survival, and purpose.

    FAQs

    1. How does Zee characterize the experience of doing nothing in New York City, and what economic concept does he use to explain this feeling?

    Answer:
    Zee describes doing nothing in New York City as feeling “luxurious” and “opulent” because of the immense “opportunity cost” involved. The opportunity cost—an economic concept referring to the potential benefits one misses out on when choosing one alternative over others—is particularly high in a city like New York where there are endless possibilities for activities and experiences. By choosing to stay in and watch TV instead of exploring the city, Zee and Cyrus are consciously forgoing other opportunities, which paradoxically makes their inaction feel indulgent (page 217).

    2. Analyze the conversation between Cyrus and Zee about outdated media. What broader cultural concept does their discussion touch upon, and how does Cyrus initially misname it?

    Answer:
    Their conversation about shows like The Office, The Honeymooners, and All in the Family highlights how cultural norms and acceptable humor evolve over time. Cyrus refers to this shifting boundary of acceptability as the “Everton window,” which Zee corrects to the “Overton window”—a political science concept describing the range of ideas tolerated in public discourse. Their discussion underscores how media reflects and challenges societal norms, often becoming controversial or outdated as values progress (pages 218-219).

    3. What does the exchange about pineapple on pizza reveal about Cyrus and Zee’s dynamic and their approaches to conventional opinions?

    Answer:
    When Cyrus reflexively criticizes pineapple on pizza—a common but unexamined opinion—Zee counters with a technical distinction between botanical (“fruit”) and culinary (“vegetable”) terms, dismissing such debates as meaningless. This shows their playful intellectual rapport: Cyrus occasionally defaults to societal norms, while Zee challenges them with logical precision. Their lighthearted interaction (Cyrus flicking pineapple at Zee) also reveals their comfort with teasing and disagreement, making their relationship feel authentic and engaging (page 217).

    4. How does Zee’s joke about “ethical hygiene” tie into the chapter’s themes of cultural reevaluation and personal growth?

    Answer:
    When Zee teases Cyrus about his “immaculate ethical hygiene,” he humorously critiques the inevitability of encountering problematic content in older media. This mirrors their broader discussion about reevaluating past works (e.g., The Bell Jar, John Hughes films) through a modern lens. The joke underscores the tension between personal growth and nostalgia, suggesting that while awareness of past flaws is important, self-righteousness can be reductive. It also reflects their shared willingness to confront uncomfortable truths while maintaining humor (pages 218-219).

    5. What symbolic significance might the shower scene and its aftermath hold in the context of Cyrus and Zee’s relationship?

    Answer:
    The shower scene marks a transition from intellectual banter to intimate vulnerability. Cyrus emerges “still wet” and bare, literally and figuratively shedding the day’s conversations, while Zee appears “firm, saturated with life”—a contrast that highlights their emotional balance. Their later cigarette break, where they discuss Cyrus’s anxieties about the museum visit, shows how their relationship blends physical comfort with deep emotional support. The sequence mirrors the chapter’s movement from superficial debates to meaningful connection (pages 219-220).

    Note