Cover of Martyr!
    Poetry

    Martyr!

    by Kaveh Akbar
    “Martyr!” by Kaveh Akbar follows Cyrus Shams, a first-generation Iranian American poet grappling with addiction, grief, and identity after his mother’s death in a U.S. government-related plane bombing. The novel traces Cyrus’s journey as he seeks meaning through art, faith, and encounters with figures like a terminally ill artist in the Brooklyn Museum. Themes of legacy, sacrifice, and the immigrant experience are explored through Cyrus’s introspective quest, blending personal tragedy with broader existential questions. Akbar’s debut novel is noted for its lyrical prose and examination of how individuals navigate pain and purpose.

    The chap­ter depicts a dream­like encounter between Cyrus’s father, Ali Shams, and the leg­endary poet Rumi out­side a music venue. Ali, a hard­work­ing immi­grant who rarely appears in Cyrus’s dreams, is seen smok­ing a cigarette—a habit he had aban­doned in Amer­i­ca. Rumi, adorned in vibrant robes and smok­ing a blunt, greets Ali with enthu­si­asm, reveal­ing a mutu­al recog­ni­tion between the two. The scene is set against the back­drop of a loud hard­core show, with young atten­dees milling about, cre­at­ing a sur­re­al con­trast between the mun­dane and the mys­ti­cal.

    Ali and Rumi engage in a con­ver­sa­tion that blends humor and pro­fun­di­ty. Rumi explains that in this dream­like state, the small details—like the cheap wine and the Swisher—matter more than the grand con­cerns of earth­ly life. He plucks a star from the sky, demon­strat­ing the flu­id­i­ty of this realm, while Ali’s attempt results in a chick­en egg, high­light­ing their dif­fer­ing per­spec­tives. The dia­logue under­scores a shift from the mate­r­i­al con­straints of life to a more abstract, intro­spec­tive exis­tence.

    The con­ver­sa­tion takes a per­son­al turn when Rumi asks Ali to share some­thing gen­uine. After hes­i­ta­tion, Ali con­fess­es his sus­pi­cion that his late wife may have been unfaith­ful, cit­ing her dis­tant behav­ior and secre­tive phone calls dur­ing her preg­nan­cy with Cyrus. This rev­e­la­tion expos­es Ali’s lin­ger­ing grief and inse­cu­ri­ty, adding emo­tion­al depth to his char­ac­ter. Rumi responds with empa­thy, though the chap­ter leaves the truth of Ali’s sus­pi­cions unre­solved.

    The chap­ter clos­es with the two fig­ures still out­side the venue, the music and smoke cre­at­ing an oth­er­world­ly atmos­phere. Rumi’s glow­ing pres­ence and Ali’s intro­spec­tive mood sug­gest a deep­er explo­ration of mem­o­ry, loss, and the after­life. The inter­play of light and smoke sym­bol­izes clar­i­ty amid con­fu­sion, leav­ing read­ers with a sense of won­der about the bound­aries between real­i­ty and dreams, past and present.

    FAQs

    • 1. How does the author characterize Ali Shams’ life experiences, and what do these details reveal about his personality?

      Answer:
      The chapter portrays Ali Shams as a man who endured significant hardships, including wartime service (with survivor’s guilt), his wife’s sudden death, immigration to a hostile country, and decades of manual labor. These experiences reveal him as resilient, hardworking, and self-sacrificing—qualities emphasized by his decision to quit smoking to save money, a sacrifice he never mentioned to his son. His rare appearance in Cyrus’s dreams suggests he values rest after a life of struggle, while his solemn demeanor and practical nature contrast with Rumi’s flamboyance, highlighting his grounded personality.

      2. Analyze the symbolic significance of the dream setting where Ali and Rumi meet. How does it reflect the themes of the chapter?

      Answer:
      The dream takes place outside a music venue where a hardcore show is happening, blending the mundane (parking lot, young attendees) with the mystical (smoke revealing stars, Rumi’s celestial actions). This setting symbolizes the intersection of earthly life and spiritual transcendence. The smoke “clarifying” the air suggests enlightenment, while the stars appearing edible hints at nourishment beyond the physical. The venue’s loud music represents life’s chaos, contrasting with the quiet intimacy of Ali and Rumi’s conversation, mirroring the chapter’s exploration of finding meaning in small, personal moments amid life’s larger struggles.

      3. What does Ali’s confession about his wife reveal about his character and his unresolved emotions?

      Answer:
      Ali’s admission that he suspected his wife of infidelity exposes his deep-seated insecurities and unresolved grief. His interpretation of her pitying gaze and secretive phone calls suggests he internalized feelings of inadequacy, possibly exacerbated by her death leaving these doubts unresolved. This vulnerability contrasts with his typically stoic demeanor, showing how even in the afterlife, he carries emotional baggage. The confession to Rumi—a stranger yet kindred spirit—highlights his need for catharsis and the universality of human frailties, even in spiritual realms.

      4. How does Rumi’s portrayal in this chapter subvert traditional expectations of a 13th-century mystic poet?

      Answer:
      Rumi is depicted as a modern, relatable figure smoking a blunt, drinking cheap wine, and using casual slang (“Whoa. No shit?”). This subversion strips away the solemnity often associated with spiritual icons, emphasizing accessibility and joy. His appreciation for “little details” like Swisher wraps and stars as “crystals” aligns with his historical teachings about finding the divine in everyday life, but the contemporary framing makes his wisdom feel immediate. The contrast between his radiant robes and casual demeanor bridges ancient wisdom and modern existential questions, reinforcing timeless relevance.

      5. Compare Ali and Rumi’s perspectives on the afterlife. What might their differences suggest about the chapter’s broader message?

      Answer:
      Ali is still adjusting to the afterlife’s rules (“I’m still figuring out how all this works”), focusing on earthly concerns like his son’s aspirations. Rumi, however, embraces the afterlife’s freedom to savor sensory pleasures (smoke, wine) and metaphysical play (plucking stars). Their dynamic suggests the chapter’s message: transcendence isn’t about grand revelations but appreciating small, authentic moments. Ali’s egg (a symbol of potential) versus Rumi’s star (realized wonder) hints at different stages of spiritual growth, emphasizing that meaning is found in personal, imperfect journeys.

    Quotes

    • 1. “It was one of those billion little sacrifices a parent makes that a child never considers. The kind, Ali thought, only the worst, most loathsome parents ever mentioned.”

      This quote captures Ali’s quiet, unacknowledged sacrifices as an immigrant parent, highlighting the universal tension between parental devotion and children’s obliviousness. It reveals Ali’s internal monologue about the unspoken economics of parenthood.

      2. “It was like his hand had regained a digit.”

      A poetic observation about Ali smoking again in the dream state, suggesting how certain habits become extensions of our identity. The metaphor powerfully conveys how deeply ingrained behaviors feel like returning to wholeness.

      3. “Here, it’s about this Swisher, this cheap wine, this crystal… All that shit drowned out the subtler shades of experience.”

      Rumi’s philosophy about the afterlife (or dream state) emphasizing sensory immediacy over grand narratives. This represents a key thematic pivot - from life’s burdens to transcendent appreciation of small moments.

      4. “I think my wife was cheating on me before she died… She never looked at me like she desired me as a man.”

      Ali’s vulnerable confession reveals his deepest insecurity and the complex emotional legacy he carries. This moment of raw honesty with Rumi marks a significant character revelation and turning point in the dialogue.

      5. “Happy like she’d freed herself of something. Or was about to?”

      Ali’s haunting uncertainty about his late wife’s final months introduces profound questions about marriage, mortality, and unspoken truths. The rhetorical question lingers as a powerful emotional cliffhanger.

    Quotes

    1. “It was one of those billion little sacrifices a parent makes that a child never considers. The kind, Ali thought, only the worst, most loathsome parents ever mentioned.”

    This quote captures Ali’s quiet, unacknowledged sacrifices as an immigrant parent, highlighting the universal tension between parental devotion and children’s obliviousness. It reveals Ali’s internal monologue about the unspoken economics of parenthood.

    2. “It was like his hand had regained a digit.”

    A poetic observation about Ali smoking again in the dream state, suggesting how certain habits become extensions of our identity. The metaphor powerfully conveys how deeply ingrained behaviors feel like returning to wholeness.

    3. “Here, it’s about this Swisher, this cheap wine, this crystal… All that shit drowned out the subtler shades of experience.”

    Rumi’s philosophy about the afterlife (or dream state) emphasizing sensory immediacy over grand narratives. This represents a key thematic pivot - from life’s burdens to transcendent appreciation of small moments.

    4. “I think my wife was cheating on me before she died… She never looked at me like she desired me as a man.”

    Ali’s vulnerable confession reveals his deepest insecurity and the complex emotional legacy he carries. This moment of raw honesty with Rumi marks a significant character revelation and turning point in the dialogue.

    5. “Happy like she’d freed herself of something. Or was about to?”

    Ali’s haunting uncertainty about his late wife’s final months introduces profound questions about marriage, mortality, and unspoken truths. The rhetorical question lingers as a powerful emotional cliffhanger.

    FAQs

    1. How does the author characterize Ali Shams’ life experiences, and what do these details reveal about his personality?

    Answer:
    The chapter portrays Ali Shams as a man who endured significant hardships, including wartime service (with survivor’s guilt), his wife’s sudden death, immigration to a hostile country, and decades of manual labor. These experiences reveal him as resilient, hardworking, and self-sacrificing—qualities emphasized by his decision to quit smoking to save money, a sacrifice he never mentioned to his son. His rare appearance in Cyrus’s dreams suggests he values rest after a life of struggle, while his solemn demeanor and practical nature contrast with Rumi’s flamboyance, highlighting his grounded personality.

    2. Analyze the symbolic significance of the dream setting where Ali and Rumi meet. How does it reflect the themes of the chapter?

    Answer:
    The dream takes place outside a music venue where a hardcore show is happening, blending the mundane (parking lot, young attendees) with the mystical (smoke revealing stars, Rumi’s celestial actions). This setting symbolizes the intersection of earthly life and spiritual transcendence. The smoke “clarifying” the air suggests enlightenment, while the stars appearing edible hints at nourishment beyond the physical. The venue’s loud music represents life’s chaos, contrasting with the quiet intimacy of Ali and Rumi’s conversation, mirroring the chapter’s exploration of finding meaning in small, personal moments amid life’s larger struggles.

    3. What does Ali’s confession about his wife reveal about his character and his unresolved emotions?

    Answer:
    Ali’s admission that he suspected his wife of infidelity exposes his deep-seated insecurities and unresolved grief. His interpretation of her pitying gaze and secretive phone calls suggests he internalized feelings of inadequacy, possibly exacerbated by her death leaving these doubts unresolved. This vulnerability contrasts with his typically stoic demeanor, showing how even in the afterlife, he carries emotional baggage. The confession to Rumi—a stranger yet kindred spirit—highlights his need for catharsis and the universality of human frailties, even in spiritual realms.

    4. How does Rumi’s portrayal in this chapter subvert traditional expectations of a 13th-century mystic poet?

    Answer:
    Rumi is depicted as a modern, relatable figure smoking a blunt, drinking cheap wine, and using casual slang (“Whoa. No shit?”). This subversion strips away the solemnity often associated with spiritual icons, emphasizing accessibility and joy. His appreciation for “little details” like Swisher wraps and stars as “crystals” aligns with his historical teachings about finding the divine in everyday life, but the contemporary framing makes his wisdom feel immediate. The contrast between his radiant robes and casual demeanor bridges ancient wisdom and modern existential questions, reinforcing timeless relevance.

    5. Compare Ali and Rumi’s perspectives on the afterlife. What might their differences suggest about the chapter’s broader message?

    Answer:
    Ali is still adjusting to the afterlife’s rules (“I’m still figuring out how all this works”), focusing on earthly concerns like his son’s aspirations. Rumi, however, embraces the afterlife’s freedom to savor sensory pleasures (smoke, wine) and metaphysical play (plucking stars). Their dynamic suggests the chapter’s message: transcendence isn’t about grand revelations but appreciating small, authentic moments. Ali’s egg (a symbol of potential) versus Rumi’s star (realized wonder) hints at different stages of spiritual growth, emphasizing that meaning is found in personal, imperfect journeys.

    Note