You are being pro­vid­ed with a book chap­ter by chap­ter. I will request you to read the book for me after each chap­ter. After read­ing the chap­ter, 1. short­en the chap­ter to no less than 300 words and no more than 400 words. 2. Do not change the name, address, or any impor­tant nouns in the chap­ter. 3. Do not trans­late the orig­i­nal lan­guage. 4. Keep the same style as the orig­i­nal chap­ter, keep it con­sis­tent through­out the chap­ter. Your reply must com­ply with all four require­ments, or it’s invalid.
I will pro­vide the chap­ter now.

NO MAN’S LAND
 
�            Tris­tan da Cun­ha is the most remote, inhab­it­ed arch­i­pel­ago in the
world. The British Over­seas Ter­ri­to­ry only has 250 per­ma­nent
res­i­dents and is about 1,732 miles from Cape Town, South Africa, the
clos­est major city.
 
�       The leg­endary East­er Island is tech­ni­cal­ly part of the nation of Chile,
but it’s a 2,300-mile trip from San­ti­a­go.
 
�       If you go to the remote vil­lage of Katskhi in the Imereti region of the
nation of Geor­gia, you’ll find the Katskhi Pil­lar. It’s a nat­ur­al
lime­stone for­ma­tion with a 130 feet lad­der that brings you to the ruins
of a church on its peak.
 
�            The nation­al cap­i­tal that’s locat­ed the far­thest from the next clos­est
nation­al cap­i­tal is actu­al­ly a tie between Welling­ton, New Zealand
and Can­ber­ra, Aus­tralia. It just so hap­pens that they are also each
other’s near­est nation­al cap­i­tals at 1,445 miles.
 
�       The Roanoke Colony, Vir­ginia was too iso­lat­ed from Britain. British
attempts to col­o­nize it in 1585 and 1587 end­ed in tragedy with all the
1587 colonists mys­te­ri­ous­ly dis­ap­pear­ing. 
 
�       If you’re inter­est­ed in a tru­ly remote vaca­tion, con­tact White Desert
Ltd. The British com­pa­ny offers five-star accom­mo­da­tions in
Antarc­ti­ca start­ing at $62,500 and rang­ing up to $98,500 per vaca­tion.
 
�            Tad­mor Prison in Syr­ia was once one of the world’s most iso­lat­ed
pris­ons. Tad­mor prison was locat­ed in Palmyra in the deserts of
east­ern Syr­ia approx­i­mate­ly 200 kilo­me­ters north­east of Dam­as­cus.
Tad­mor prison was known for harsh con­di­tions, exten­sive human
rights abuse, tor­ture and sum­ma­ry exe­cu­tions.
 
�            The Rub’ al Khali or “Emp­ty Quar­ter” cov­ers over 250,970 square
miles of the Ara­bi­an Penin­su­la. It is large­ly devoid of life and rarely
crossed.
 
�            After Mount Ever­est, Mount Aconcagua in Argenti­na is the most
topo­graph­i­cal­ly iso­lat­ed moun­tain in the world. The next high­est peak
after it is 10,265 miles away at Tirich Mir in Pak­istan.
 
�            North Sen­tinel Island in the Indi­an Ocean is home to the most
iso­lat­ed peo­ple in the world with 50–200 peo­ple. Since 1956, laws
have pro­hib­it­ed out­siders from vis­it­ing the island.
 
�            The world’s most north­ern set­tle­ment with a pop­u­la­tion of at least
2,368 in 2019, is Longyear­byen, Nor­way. You can only get to the rest
of Nor­way from there by air­plane or boat.
 
�            The monastery at Le Mont-Saint-Michel, France is locat­ed near a
town, but its iso­la­tion is due to it being on a tidal island. Before a
raised cause­way was built in 1879, boats were the only way to get
there at high tide.
 
�            Wake Atoll is an Amer­i­can ter­ri­to­ry locat­ed 2,298 miles west
of  Hon­olu­lu and 1,991 miles south­east of  Tokyo  in the Pacif­ic.
Besides the Unit­ed States Army and mil­i­tary, Wake Island is not home
to any oth­er humans except for a few con­trac­tors. The island’s largest
inhab­i­tants are rats and her­mit crabs. At one point, rats count­ed for
two mil­lion of the island’s pop­u­la­tion. No won­der the per­ma­nent
pop­u­la­tion is…zero!
 
�            A trade embar­go is used by a group of nations to eco­nom­i­cal­ly
iso­late one or more oth­er nations. The term is Span­ish, mean­ing
“hin­drance” or “obstruc­tion.”
 
�            Accord­ing to the Oxford Big Data Insti­tute, Glas­gow, Mon­tana is
locat­ed far­ther from a pop­u­la­tion cen­ter of 75,000 or more peo­ple
than any town in the US low­er 48.
 
�       Iqaluit is the cap­i­tal of Canada’s Nunavut Ter­ri­to­ry with a pop­u­la­tion
of approx­i­mate­ly 7,740, but it has no high­way con­nect­ing it to the rest
of the coun­try. You’ll have to fly 1,300 miles to get from Iqaluit to the
nation­al cap­i­tal of Ottawa.
 
�       Ubar is a lost city men­tioned in the Quran. In 1992, explor­er Ran­ulph
Fiennes led an expe­di­tion in the Emp­ty Quar­ter to find Ubar, with
mixed results.
 
�            The Vikings estab­lished three set­tle­ments in Green­land in the late
10th cen­tu­ry. Due to a com­bi­na­tion of their iso­la­tion and glob­al
cool­ing, they were all gone by the ear­ly 16th cen­tu­ry.
 
�            The Sand­hills is an approx­i­mate­ly 20,000 square mile region of
north­cen­tral Nebras­ka that is hun­dreds of miles from a major city or
even a four-lane high­way.
 
�            If you’re fly­ing from Rosario, Argenti­na to Xinghua, Chi­na, you’re
look­ing at the longest dis­tance between two cities of 100,000 peo­ple
or more at 12,425 miles.
 
�            Locat­ed on the very north­ern tip of Alas­ka is the lone­ly town of
Bar­row. Unless you’re an ice road truck­er, you can only get to this
town via an hour and a half flight from Anchor­age.
 
�            La Rin­cona­da, Peru is the world’s high­est per­ma­nent set­tle­ment at
16,700 feet. It’s also one of the most iso­lat­ed, with the near­est air­port
being sev­er­al hours’ dri­ve away.
 
�       North Korea is often called the “Her­mit King­dom” due to its polit­i­cal
iso­la­tion. The term orig­i­nal­ly described Korea’s Joseon Dynasty
(1392–1897).
 
�       The Gur­ban­tüng­güt Desert in the Xin­jiang region of north­west Chi­na
is the far­thest you can be on Earth from a coast­line. The loca­tion
46°17′N 86°40′E in the desert is 1,644 miles from the ocean.
OceanofPDF.com
MARTIAL ARTS FROM AROUND THE WORLD
 
 
�       The term “mar­tial arts” gen­er­al­ly refers to any fight­ing style that has
been stan­dard­ized with a set of rules. The term “mar­tial” is derived
from the Roman god of war, Mars.
 
�            Mod­ern box­ing fol­lows the “Mar­quis of Queens­bury Rules,” which
was the code devel­oped in Eng­land for the sport in 1867. Bare
knuck­les fights were elim­i­nat­ed in most places by the 1890s.
 
�            “Kung Fu” is a Can­tonese Chi­nese term used to refer to many
dif­fer­ent styles of Chi­nese mar­tial arts. The Man­darin term is Wushu,
but they both can be trans­lat­ed into “mar­tial art.”
 
�            The first doc­u­ment­ed use of the term “mixed mar­tial arts” (MMA)
was at the UFC 1 fight­ing event in 1993. The term is now used by
dozens of leagues/promotions around the world.
 
�            On Decem­ber 3, 1810, Eng­lish­man Tom Cribb defeat­ed for­mer
African Amer­i­can slave Tom Molin­eaux in what is con­sid­ered the
first world cham­pi­onship box­ing match. It only took Cribb 35 rounds
to win! But there was con­tro­ver­sy over the deci­sion and Cribb lat­er
had a rematch of 11 rounds where he defeat­ed Molin­eaux.
 
�            Action film star Jean-Claude Van Damme real­ly does have an
impres­sive mar­tial arts back­ground. He fought as a pro­fes­sion­al kick
box­er and karate fight­er, com­pil­ing an 18–1 record.
 
�       Judo is a Japan­ese style of wrestling that was cre­at­ed by Jig­oro Kano
in 1882. Sim­i­lar to Gre­co-Roman wrestling, Judo empha­sizes throws,
but ground grap­pling is also impor­tant.
 
�            Olympic wrestling con­sists of two styles: Gre­co-Roman and
freestyle. Both styles are based on the ancient Greek sport, but Gre­co-
Roman com­peti­tors are not allowed to grab below their oppo­nents’
waists or use their legs for trip­ping.
 
�       Pankra­tion was the orig­i­nal mixed mar­tial art. The Greeks intro­duced
the sport, which com­bined wrestling and box­ing, to the Olympic
Games in 648 BCE. It was a no-holds-barred con­test with few rules
except for no eye-goug­ing or gen­i­tal attacks.
 
�       Taek­won­do is a Kore­an mar­tial art that empha­sizes punch­es and high
kicks. It com­bines the tra­di­tion­al Kore­an mar­tial art of Taekkyeon
with Japan­ese and Chi­nese styles.
 
�            The Ulti­mate Fight­ing Cham­pi­onship (UFC) is the top MMA
pro­mo­tion in rev­enue, glob­al­ly. In a dis­tant sec­ond in rev­enue and
mar­ket share is Bel­la­tor.
 
�       The wrestling code prac­ticed at the high school and col­le­giate lev­els
in the US and some oth­er coun­tries is often called “folk­style
wrestling.” Empha­sis is placed on mat grap­pling.
 
�            Sumo, which means “strik­ing one anoth­er,” is the nation­al sport of
Japan. Although many non-Japan­ese have com­pet­ed as pro­fes­sion­al
sumo wrestlers (rik­ishi), sumo is only prac­ticed in Japan.
 
�       The late Bruce Lee formed his own mar­tial art he called “Jeet Kune
Do.” Jeet Kune Do com­bine Kung Fu and oth­er East­ern arts with
box­ing and fenc­ing.
 
�       East­ern mar­tial arts are often col­lec­tive­ly referred to as “Karate,” but
Karate is a spe­cif­ic fight­ing style that orig­i­nat­ed in Japan. Karate
empha­sizes strikes and began in the Ryukyu King­dom (1429–1879).
 
�       UFC match­es are fought in an eight-sided, caged ring known as “The
Octa­gon.” The stan­dard octa­gon ring is 30 feet in diam­e­ter with a six-
foot-high fence.
 
�            Capoeira is a Brazil­ian mar­tial art that com­bines dance and
acro­bat­ics with a fight­ing style that empha­sizes unortho­dox kicks.
Capoeira was invent­ed by African slaves in the 1500s.
 
�       In addi­tion to freestyle and Gre­co-Roman wrestling, box­ing, fenc­ing,
taek­won­do, judo, and karate are all Sum­mer Olympic events. Karate
made its debut at the Tokyo 2020 games.
 
�            Chuck Nor­ris got his start in mar­tial arts in the late 1950s when he
was sta­tioned in South Korea with the US Air Force. He was
intro­duced to the Kore­an fight­ing style, Tang Soo Do, but even­tu­al­ly
devel­oped his own style, Chun Kuk Do.
 
�       The Russ­ian mar­tial art sam­bo was devel­oped by the Sovi­et mil­i­tary
in the 1920s. Sam­bo, which stands for samoza­sh­chi­ta  bez  oruzhiya
(“self-defense with­out weapons”), merged many dif­fer­ent styles.
 
�       The Brazil­ian Gra­cie fam­i­ly are per­haps the most influ­en­tial mar­tial
arts fam­i­ly today. The Gra­cies devel­oped Brazil­ian jujit­su and Ror­i­on
Gra­cie was one of the founders of the UFC.