Keeping Time

You are being pro­vid­ed with a book chap­ter by chap­ter. I will request you to read the book for me after each chap­ter. After read­ing the chap­ter, 1. short­en the chap­ter to no less than 300 words and no more than 400 words. 2. Do not change the name, address, or any impor­tant nouns in the chap­ter. 3. Do not trans­late the orig­i­nal lan­guage. 4. Keep the same style as the orig­i­nal chap­ter, keep it con­sis­tent through­out the chap­ter. Your reply must com­ply with all four require­ments, or it’s invalid.
I will pro­vide the chap­ter now.

POP STAR TRAGEDIES
 
�       An ear­ly tragedy Michael Jack­son suf­fered was when his hair caught
on fire while shoot­ing a Pep­si com­mer­cial on Jan­u­ary 27, 1984, in
Los Ange­les. Jokes were made about the inci­dent, but it left Jack­son
scarred and addict­ed to painkillers. 
 
�            Ricky Nel­son was a ‘50s teen idol who was still well-known in the
1980s. Nel­son died when the small DC‑3 he was on crashed on
Decem­ber 31, 1985. 
 
�            “The Day the Music Died” refers to Feb­ru­ary 3, 1959, regard­ing an
air­plane crash in Iowa that took the lives of rock­ers Bud­dy Hol­ly, the
Big Bop­per, and Richie Valens.  
 
�            On Decem­ber 8, 1980, for­mer Bea­t­le singer John Lennon was shot
and killed by Mark David Chap­man in New York City. At his
sen­tenc­ing, Chap­man read an excerpt from The Catch­er in the Rye.  
 
�            Ser­gio Gomez was a star in Mexico’s Duranguense music scene.
After play­ing a show on Decem­ber 2, 2007, Gomez was abduct­ed,
tor­tured, and mur­dered. No one has ever been arrest­ed.  
 
�       Many K‑Pop stars have died at young ages, sev­er­al in auto acci­dents.
Two mem­bers of the band Ladies’ Code — RiSe and EunB — died from
injuries from the same Sep­tem­ber 3, 2014, car crash.  
 
�       Sev­er­al leg­ends and rumors sur­round the death of Jimi Hen­drix. The
offi­cial report stat­ed that he choked on his vom­it, but the accounts
giv­en by the last per­son to see him alive, Moni­ka Dan­ne­mann,
report­ed­ly changed the view, but Asphyx­ia due to aspi­ra­tion of vom­it;
con­tributed to by bar­bi­tu­rate intox­i­ca­tion is still stat­ed as the cause.
 
�            You may remem­ber Blind Melon’s hit “No Rain” and then for­got
about them. Part of that is because lead singer, Shan­non Hoon, died of
a cocaine over­dose on Octo­ber 21, 1995.  
 
�       Kurt Cobain’s April 5, 1994, sui­cide was/is thought by some peo­ple
to be a mur­der cov­er-up. Some con­spir­a­cy the­o­ries were even
con­sid­ered on an episode of Unsolved Mys­ter­ies.  
 
�       Ellen Nao­mi Cohen, bet­ter known as “Cass Elliot” or “Mama Cass,”
strug­gled with her weight her entire, short life. She died of a heart
attack on July 29, 1974, at the age of 32.  
 
�            Pat­sy Cline was only 30 and tak­ing over the coun­try music world
when she died in a plane crash on March 5, 1963, near Cam­den,
Ten­nessee.  
 
�            On August 10, 1993, Nor­we­gian black met­al musi­cian, Varg
Vikernes, stabbed for­mer friend and fel­low musi­cian, Øys­tein Aarseth
to death, bring­ing glob­al media atten­tion to the Scan­di­na­vian met­al
scene.  
 
�       The Mex­i­can Amer­i­can pop star, Sele­na Quin­tanil­la Pérez, was set to
cross over from Latin music to main­stream pop when she was shot
and killed by Yolan­da Saldí­var on March 31, 1995.  
 
�            Rap­per Eazy‑E (Eric Lynn Wright) became one of the first, and
high­est-pro­file, pop stars to die of AIDs on March 26, 1995.  
 
�            Sui­cide is also fair­ly com­mon in the high-pres­sure world of K‑Pop.
On Octo­ber 14, 2019, pop star Sul­li hanged her­self to death and just
over a month lat­er, on Novem­ber 24, star Goo Hara com­mit­ted
sui­cide.  
 
�            Peo­ple know the 1973 song “Bad, Bad Leroy Brown,” but not its
singer. The rea­son is that singer Jim Croce died in a plane crash on
Sep­tem­ber 20, 1973. 
 
�            Elvis Pres­ley died on August 16, 1977, at the age of 42 of a heart
attack. It was deter­mined that obe­si­ty and heavy drug use played
con­tribut­ing roles.  
 
�       The mur­der of rap­per Tupac Shakur on Sep­tem­ber 13, 1996 was once
thought to be part of a con­spir­a­cy, but the evi­dence shows it was
like­ly a local beef.  
 
�            Swedish DJ, Avicii (Tim Bergling), com­mit­ted sui­cide while on
vaca­tion in Oman in 2018. He had strug­gled with opi­oid and alco­hol
addic­tion for sev­er­al years.  
 
�       The “27 Club” is an urban myth that pop stars are more like­ly to die
at that age than any oth­er. Recent stud­ies have shown that this isn’t
true.   
 
�       Rap­per Noto­ri­ous B.I.G. (Christo­pher Wal­lace) was gunned down in
LA on March 9, 1997. Many believed it was retal­i­a­tion for Tupac’s
mur­der, by Wardell Fouse, but Fouse was mur­dered in 2003 so we’ll
prob­a­bly nev­er know.  
 
�            Judy Gar­land was the orig­i­nal trag­ic pop star. She died of a
bar­bi­tu­rate over­dose, on June 22, 1969, at the age of 47.  
 
�            Jim Mor­ri­son could’ve been the rock­star of the 1970s, or a prize-
win­ning poet, but instead, he over­dosed on hero­in in a bath­room of a
Paris hotel on July 3, 1971.  
 
�            Jaco Pas­to­rius was a promis­ing jazz musi­cian with a drug prob­lem
and a ten­den­cy to start bar fights. On Sep­tem­ber 21, 1987, he start­ed a
fight with a mar­tial arts expert at a bar and was beat­en to death.  
 
�            Musi­cians in the above men­tioned “27 Club” include Jimi Hen­drix,
Jim Mor­ri­son, Bri­an Jones, Janis Joplin, Kurt Cobain, and Amy
Wine­house.
OceanofPDF.com
KEEPING TIME
 
�       “Time” has been defined as the sequence of exis­tence into a series or
sequence of events that can’t be reversed. With that said, some
sci­en­tif­ic the­o­ries argue it’s pos­si­ble to change the sequenc­ing.
 
�            Water clocks were the most reli­able ear­ly clocks. The old­est
exam­ples of water clocks come from 16th cen­tu­ry BCE Egypt and
Mesopotamia.
 
�            The “grand­fa­ther para­dox” holds that if a time trav­el­er were able to
go back in time and kill their grand­fa­ther then the time trav­el­er
wouldn’t be born. But if the time trav­el­er was­n’t born, then they
couldn’t go back to kill grand­pa, right?
 
�            Fol­low­ing the course of the moon and sun were the ear­li­est, most
reli­able forms of time­keep­ing. For that rea­son, cal­en­dars were
devel­oped before clocks.
 
�       “Coor­di­nat­ed Uni­ver­sal Time” UTC is the stan­dard by which all time
is reg­u­lat­ed. All time zones on Earth are based on the sys­tem, rang­ing
from ‑12:00 UTC to +14:00 UTC.
 
�            The aca­d­e­m­ic term for a “leap year” is an inter­calary year. This
hap­pens because a true solar year is slight­ly more than 365 days.
 
�            The world’s old­est sun­di­al dates to about 1,500 BCE in Egypt. But
telling time from shad­ows was the ear­li­est type of time­keep­ing.
 
�       It takes just under 24 hours for the Earth to rotate. The pre­cise time is
23 hours, 56 min­utes, and four sec­onds.
 
�            There are actu­al­ly mea­sures of time less than a sec­ond. A Planck
time is the peri­od it takes light to trav­el one Planck in a vac­u­um or
5.39×10−44 sec­onds.
 
�            In 2018, a lag in the Euro­pean pow­er grid caused the clocks on the
con­ti­nent to be six min­utes slow. The prob­lem was resolved after a
few months.
 
�            The first mechan­i­cal clocks began appear­ing in West­ern Europe in
the late 1200s. The ear­li­est clock­mak­ers were Ger­man, with the
Ger­man and Swiss clock­mak­ing tra­di­tion con­tin­u­ing to the present.
 
�            “Green­wich Mean Time” GMT, refers to the time at the Roy­al
Obser­va­to­ry in Green­wich, Eng­land. Although it’s com­mon­ly thought
to be syn­ony­mous with UTC, it’s actu­al­ly the time zone UTC +0:00.
 
�       Rolex was actu­al­ly found­ed in Lon­don, Eng­land in 1905 but moved
its head­quar­ters to the watch/clock cap­i­tal of Gene­va, Switzer­land in
1920, where it remains today.
 
�            The Greek word for water clock is clep­sy­dra. Water clocks worked
sim­ply by either fill­ing a ves­sel and drain­ing it slow­ly and even­ly or
fill­ing it slow­ly and even­ly.
 
�       Julius Cae­sar employed the bright­est thinkers in the Roman Repub­lic
to cre­ate a new cal­en­dar that solved the prob­lem of leap year. The
Julian Cal­en­dar went into effect on Jan­u­ary 1, 45 BCE and last­ed until
CE 1582 in most West­ern coun­tries.
 
�       Pure­ly lunar cal­en­dars were rare in the pre-mod­ern world. Luniso­lar
cal­en­dars base their months on the Moon’s cycles but account for leap
years to stay in agree­ment with the solar cal­en­dar.
 
�            An atom­ic clock keeps time by deter­min­ing the fre­quen­cy of the
radi­a­tion of atoms. Atom­ic clocks were devel­oped in the 1950s for
com­mer­cial use.
 
�       Cuck­oo clocks orig­i­nat­ed in the mid-1700s in Ger­many. They came a
lit­tle after the grand­fa­ther clock, which was invent­ed by Eng­lish