You are being pro­vid­ed with a book chap­ter by chap­ter. I will request you to read the book for me after each chap­ter. After read­ing the chap­ter, 1. short­en the chap­ter to no less than 300 words and no more than 400 words. 2. Do not change the name, address, or any impor­tant nouns in the chap­ter. 3. Do not trans­late the orig­i­nal lan­guage. 4. Keep the same style as the orig­i­nal chap­ter, keep it con­sis­tent through­out the chap­ter. Your reply must com­ply with all four require­ments, or it’s invalid.
I will pro­vide the chap­ter now.

INTERESTING NATIONAL FLAG AND ANTHEM FACTS
 
 
�            Liberia’s nation­al flag is almost a car­bon copy of the US with only
one star instead of 50. The sim­i­lar­i­ty is that Liberia was found­ed in
1847 by for­mer Amer­i­can slaves.
 
�       Saint Hele­na is a small Caribbean Island that’s still a British colony.
Still, they want­ed a nation­al anthem, so they hired an Amer­i­can
named Dave Mitchel, who had nev­er been to the island, to write the
tune for them in 1975.
 
�            Nepal is the only coun­try with a non-quadri­lat­er­al nation­al flag. It’s
the shape of two pen­nants, one on top of the oth­er.
 
�            The rec­og­niz­able “Union Jack” flag of the Unit­ed King­dom is a
com­bi­na­tion of the flags of Eng­land, Scot­land and North­ern Island.
The Union Jack is Britain’s de fac­to nation­al flag.
 
�            Most of the sub-Saha­ran African coun­tries use a com­bi­na­tion of
yel­low, green, red, and black in their flags. It’s believed that this is
due to Ethiopia being a mod­el for new­ly inde­pen­dent African nations.
 
�            The Greek nation­al anthem, “Hymn to Free­dom,” is the longest
nation­al anthem in the length of text. It’s a 158-stan­za text based on
an 1823 poem writ­ten by Diony­s­ios Solo­mos.
 
�            The “Nordic Flag” is the term used to describe the sim­i­lar-look­ing
flags of Nor­way, Ice­land, Swe­den, Den­mark, and Fin­land. The flag
fea­tures a cross shift­ed toward the hoist (left).
 
�            The lyrics for the “Star Span­gled Ban­ner” were writ­ten in 1814 by
Fran­cis Scott Key, but the song didn’t become the US’s offi­cial
nation­al anthem until 1931.
 
�            Nation­al flags evolved from mil­i­tary flags, which have exist­ed for
cen­turies. The Dutch flag and the British Union Jack emerged in the
1600s as the first true nation­al flags.
 
�            Nation­al anthems became com­mon in Europe dur­ing the rise of
nation­al­ism in the 1800s. The “march­ing style” of many nation­al
anthems is also indica­tive of that era.
 
�       The tiny Euro­pean nation of Andorra’s nation­al anthem, “The Great
Charle­magne,” is nar­rat­ed from a first-per­son per­spec­tive. It’s the
only nation­al anthem to do so.
 
�            Green is a pop­u­lar col­or in the flags of many Islam­ic coun­tries.
Green was the col­or of the Fatimid Dynasty and is the col­or of
Par­adise in the Quran.
 
�            Cana­da didn’t have an offi­cial nation­al flag until it adopt­ed the
“Maple Leaf” flag on Feb­ru­ary 15, 1965. Before that the Cana­di­an
Red Ensign flag was the unof­fi­cial flag.
 
�            Brazil’s unique nation­al flag fea­tures a globe with 27 stars,
rep­re­sent­ing the nation’s 26 states and the fed­er­al dis­trict. The
posi­tion of the globe reflects the sky over Rio de Janeiro.
 
�            The old­est nation­al anthem is the Netherland’s “Wil­hel­mus van
Nas­souwe,” which dates back to at least 1572. The song didn’t
become the country’s offi­cial nation­al anthem until 1932.
 
�       Red and gold were the tra­di­tion­al col­ors of most communist/Marxist
states. This col­or scheme can be seen today in China’s nation­al flag.
 
�            Italy’s nation­al anthem, “Il Can­to degli Ital­iani,” didn’t become
offi­cial until 2017. That may have some­thing to do with the verse
being more than a lit­tle unflat­ter­ing toward Aus­tria.
 
�            The nation­al flags of Aus­tralia and New Zealand both fea­ture the
South­ern Cross con­stel­la­tion, but the stars on New Zealand’s flag are
red. Australia’s flag also has the “Com­mon­wealth Star.”
 
�            The flags of Switzer­land and Vat­i­can City are the only two nation­al
flags that are per­fect squares. The rest are all rec­tan­gles with the
excep­tion of Nepal’s flag.
 
�            When Czecho­slo­va­kia became a coun­try in 1918, the nation­al
anthem was half Czech opera and half Slo­va­kian folk song. When the
nation split into the Czech Repub­lic and Slo­va­kia in 1993, both
groups sim­ply took their half of the song with them.
 
�            Japan’s nation­al anthem, “Kimi­gayo,” is the short­est in the world in
the length of text. It’s also prob­a­bly the old­est, being based on an
ancient Japan­ese poem.
 
�       From 1977 until 2011, Libya’s nation­al flag was just a green field. It
was the only nation­al flag at that time that had just one col­or.