You are being pro­vid­ed with a book chap­ter by chap­ter. I will request you to read the book for me after each chap­ter. After read­ing the chap­ter, 1. short­en the chap­ter to no less than 300 words and no more than 400 words. 2. Do not change the name, address, or any impor­tant nouns in the chap­ter. 3. Do not trans­late the orig­i­nal lan­guage. 4. Keep the same style as the orig­i­nal chap­ter, keep it con­sis­tent through­out the chap­ter. Your reply must com­ply with all four require­ments, or it’s invalid.
I will pro­vide the chap­ter now.

GAMES, GEEKS, AND GADGETS
 
�       The first pock­et cal­cu­la­tors hit the mar­ket in Japan in 1970. The first
Amer­i­can-made pock­et-sized cal­cu­la­tor was the Bow­mar 901B. It
sold for $240 a unit!
 
�            Before stream­ing there were DVDs, and before DVDs, there were
video cas­sette recorder (VCR) tapes. But VCRs were chal­lenged by
Sony Beta­max recorders and tapes until the for­mer won the mar­ket
share by the mid-1980s.
 
�       Microsoft founder Bill Gates scored 1590 out of 1600 on the SAT. It
got him into Har­vard, but he dropped out after two years to do “oth­er
things.”
 
�            The pre­de­ces­sors to mod­ern pin­ball machines can be traced back to
the 1600s. The first coin-oper­at­ed pin­ball machines began being
placed in Amer­i­can bars and drug­stores in the 1930s.
 
�            The 1980 arcade game, Pac-Man, orig­i­nal­ly came out in Japan as
Puck Man. The name was changed when it was real­ized how van­dals
could have fun with the work “Puck.”
 
�            The ear­li­est ver­sion of the inter­net was the Advanced Research
Projects Agency Net­work  (ARPANET). It was start­ed in 1969 as a
spe­cial project of the Advanced Research Projects Agency
Net­work (ARPA) of the US Defense Depart­ment.
 
�       Star­cade was a gameshow that was broad­cast on the TBS net­work in
the US from 1982 to 1983. It fea­tured con­tes­tants, usu­al­ly teenagers,
play­ing cur­rent arcade games against each oth­er for prizes.
 
�            The video game Space­war! Was devel­oped in 1962 by pro­gram­mer
Steve Rus­sell. It’s impor­tant because it was the first video game
avail­able for home com­put­ers.
 
�       If you’re famil­iar with the video game Minecraft then you know, for
many, it’s much more than a game. That’s prob­a­bly why Minecraft is
the top-sell­ing game of all time, with more than 238 mil­lion units
sold.
 
�       Most of the world’s com­put­er-inte­grat­ed cir­cuit (IC) chips are made
in semi­con­duc­tor fab­ri­ca­tion plants owned by Tai­wan based
com­pa­nies. Tai­wan com­pa­nies account­ed for more than 60% of the
mar­ket share in 2020.
 
�       Python was the most wide­ly used com­put­er lan­guage in 2021. It was
first devel­oped in 1991 by a Dutch pro­gram­mer, Gui­do van Rossum.
 
�       Leno­vo was the top-sell­ing com­put­er brand in 2020, with 87 mil­lion
units sold and 19% of the mar­ket share. Apple was sec­ond with 81.4
mil­lion units sold and 18% of the mar­ket.
 
�            The aba­cus was the world’s first cal­cu­la­tor. Vari­a­tions of the device
were used as far back as the 3rd mil­len­ni­um BCE in Mesopotamia.
 
�            A mul­ti­ple arcade machine emu­la­tor (MAME) is soft­ware that
emu­lates vin­tage arcade games. The soft­ware is legal in most
coun­tries and is also open source.
 
�            A “killer app” is com­put­er soft­ware that’s deemed so cool or
essen­tial that peo­ple buy spe­cif­ic hard­ware just to run the appli­ca­tion.
The spread­sheet pro­gram Visi­Calc for the Apple II is con­sid­ered the
first com­put­er killer app.
 
�       In 2000, the Win­dows Mobile phone was the first true smart­phone to
hit the mar­ket. The plat­form was declared “end of life” on Jan­u­ary 14,
2020.
 
�       A “bina­ry dig­it,” or bit, is the basic unit of infor­ma­tion in com­put­ing.
A “byte” is a unit that gen­er­al­ly con­sists of 8 bits.