Cover of Parade
    Fiction

    Parade

    by Rachel Cusk
    Parade is a novel by Rachel Cusk, the acclaimed author of the Outline trilogy, known for her sharp, introspective prose and deconstruction of narrative conventions. In this work, Cusk continues her exploration of identity, perception, and the elusive nature of storytelling, weaving together fragmented yet interconnected narratives that blur the boundaries between fiction and autobiography.

    The chap­ter opens with a group of characters—Julia, Mau­ro, David, and Betsy—concluding a meal and prepar­ing to leave. Bet­sy, strug­gling with mobil­i­ty, leans on David for sup­port, remark­ing on his steadi­ness despite his drink­ing. Their farewell is tinged with a sense of tran­sience, encap­su­lat­ed by Betsy’s com­ment: “If it only hap­pened once, it didn’t hap­pen at all.” The scene shifts to a con­tem­pla­tive obser­va­tion of the court­yard, where the rem­nants of the evening—elongated shad­ows, bare tables, and dis­tant kitchen noises—create an atmos­phere of qui­et dis­so­lu­tion. The nar­ra­tive then tran­si­tions abrupt­ly to a reflec­tion on the death of the narrator’s moth­er, whose pass­ing is marked by a lack of con­ven­tion­al grief. The coffin’s entrance is described as more shock­ing than the death itself, high­light­ing the dis­so­nance between the phys­i­cal final­i­ty of the body and the lin­ger­ing, unre­solved pres­ence of the moth­er in the lives of her chil­dren.

    The nar­ra­tor explores the after­math of the mother’s death, not­ing a para­dox­i­cal sense of light­ness and unease. The mother’s life is por­trayed as a per­for­mance of suf­fer­ing and con­trol, her body a site of defi­ance against soci­etal norms. Her decline—marked by self-inflict­ed ail­ments, a wheel­chair, and even­tu­al cancer—becomes a metaphor for her rejec­tion of real­i­ty. Even in death, she haunts the narrator’s dreams as a grotesque, unsee­ing fig­ure, embody­ing the unre­solved ten­sion between her con­struct­ed iden­ti­ty and the truth. Mean­while, the sto­ry shifts to G, a film­mak­er who con­ceals his iden­ti­ty to escape famil­ial and soci­etal expec­ta­tions. His films, char­ac­ter­ized by nat­u­ral­ism and detach­ment, baf­fle audi­ences accus­tomed to author­i­ta­tive sto­ry­telling. G’s artis­tic vision is root­ed in his child­hood as the eldest sib­ling, bear­ing the brunt of his par­ents’ rigid con­ven­tions, which he lat­er evades through secre­cy and rein­ven­tion.

    G’s jour­ney unfolds as he aban­dons teach­ing, moves to the city, and nav­i­gates the intel­lec­tu­al cir­cles of his broth­er, who open­ly chal­lenges their con­ser­v­a­tive upbring­ing. G, how­ev­er, remains silent, his anonymi­ty a shield against the bur­den of iden­ti­ty. His nov­el, pub­lished under a pseu­do­nym, explores the alien­ation of youth in a bour­geois town, mir­ror­ing his own strug­gle with authen­tic­i­ty. The fail­ure of his sub­se­quent stories—rejected for their moral­is­tic tone—reflects his iso­la­tion from con­tem­po­rary trends. His film­mak­ing attempts are sim­i­lar­ly fraught; the prac­ti­cal demands of the medi­um clash with his desire for pas­sive obser­va­tion. Yet, his reviews gain notice for their lack of sub­jec­tiv­i­ty, embody­ing his belief that true per­cep­tion requires the erad­i­ca­tion of the self. The nar­ra­tor par­al­lels G’s eva­sion of iden­ti­ty with their mother’s life­long per­for­mance, both resist­ing the con­straints of real­i­ty.

    The chap­ter con­cludes with the narrator’s med­i­ta­tion on the mother’s lega­cy: a frac­tured sense of self and a dis­trust of love and lan­guage. Her stories—mythologized tales of roman­tic and artis­tic near-misses—serve as a form of con­trol, rewrit­ing his­to­ry to suit her nar­ra­tive. The chil­dren, trapped in her con­struct­ed real­i­ty, inher­it her aver­sion to truth and free­dom. Her death offers a ten­ta­tive lib­er­a­tion, yet the gap she instilled in them remains. G’s tra­jec­to­ry mir­rors this ten­sion; his artis­tic invis­i­bil­i­ty grants him free­dom but con­signs him to obscu­ri­ty. Both nar­ra­tives con­verge on the theme of authorship—whether of one’s life or art—and the impos­si­bil­i­ty of true auton­o­my. The mother’s defi­ance of real­i­ty and G’s refusal to claim his work under­score the chapter’s cen­tral ques­tion: Can one exist with­out being seen? The answer, sug­gest­ed through their par­al­lel strug­gles, is fraught with ambi­gu­i­ty.

    FAQs

    • ​Why does the narrator describe their mother’s death with detachment rather than grief?
    • The narrator suggests that their mother’s death was less shocking than the sight of her coffin, emphasizing the disconnect between her physical presence and the psychological weight she imposed. The lack of tears reflects a long-standing emotional distance, as the mother’s life was marked by performance and control rather than genuine connection.
    • ​What is the significance of G’s use of pseudonyms in his writing and filmmaking?
    • G’s aliases symbolize his resistance to fixed identity, allowing him to create without the burden of personal history or societal expectations. However, his anonymity also renders his work obscure, raising questions about whether true artistic expression requires self-revelation.
    • ​How does the mother’s "formlessness" function as a form of power?
    • By rejecting conventional beauty and health, the mother weaponizes her physical decline to manipulate others’ expectations. Her refusal to conform grants her a paradoxical authority, as she controls narratives by defying them.
    • ​Why does G struggle with filmmaking after succeeding as a writer?
    • Filmmaking’s collaborative, logistical demands clash with G’s preference for passive observation. Unlike writing, which allows for solitary control, filmmaking forces him into practical engagement with reality—something he has spent his life avoiding.
    • ​What does the recurring motif of "being seen" signify in this chapter?
    • Both the narrator and G grapple with visibility—the mother’s performative existence contrasts with G’s desire for invisibility. The tension between being observed and remaining hidden underscores themes of identity, autonomy, and artistic expression.

    Quotes

    • ​On the mother’s death:
    • "The coffin was shocking, and this must always be the case, whether or not one disliked being confined to the facts as much as our mother had."
    • Highlights the dissonance between the mother’s lifelong evasion of reality and the brutal finality of death.
    • ​On G’s artistic philosophy:
    • "He rarely showed his characters in close-up, believing that this was not how human beings saw one another."
    • Reflects G’s commitment to naturalism and his rejection of cinematic manipulation, mirroring his own avoidance of scrutiny.
    • ​The mother’s manipulation of narrative:
    • "She discovered that she could use this non-conformity to control what people expected her to do and therefore what they were able to do themselves."
    • Reveals how her defiance of norms becomes a tool for dominance.
    • ​On the burden of identity:
    • "To conceal identity is to take from the world, without paying the costs of self-declaration."
    • Suggests that anonymity, while freeing, carries its own moral and artistic consequences.
    • ​The narrator’s reflection on legacy:
    • "We were free simply from the conundrum of this double loss: the loss of something we had never had."
    • Captures the hollow liberation of the mother’s death, which leaves her children mourning an absence rather than a presence.
    • ​G’s realization about filmmaking:
    • "What he hated and resisted about film-making—its boring practicality—was also its truth."
    • Underscores his struggle to reconcile art with the demands of reality.
    • ​The mother’s final confrontation with death:
    • "She mistook death for a compliment, and when finally she realised that this dark stranger was not a prince but an assassin, she struggled vainly to get away."
    • A haunting metaphor for her lifelong refusal to acknowledge limits, even in dying.

    Quotes

    ​On the mother’s death:

    FAQs

    ​Why does the narrator describe their mother’s death with detachment rather than grief?
    Note