54 Results in the "Non-Fiction" category


    • Chapter V – The Problem of Consciousness. Duration and Liberty Cover
      by LovelyMay Chapter V invites readers into Henri Bergson’s original vision of inner experience, a philosophy that reshapes how we understand thought, time, and freedom. He departs from the prevailing view of consciousness as a collection of separate parts. Instead, he argues that mental life flows like a melody, where each note influences the one before and after. Bergson sees consciousness as layered and continuous, not mechanical or static. This movement, which he calls “duration,” cannot be sliced into…
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      Chapter V

      Chapter V Cover
      by testsuphomeAdmin The chapter opens with Mollie, the vain mare, becoming increasingly unreliable as winter approaches. She neglects her duties, admires her reflection, and is eventually confronted by Clover about consorting with a human from a neighboring farm. When Clover discovers hidden sugar and ribbons in Mollie's stall, it confirms her suspicions of betrayal. Mollie soon abandons Animal Farm altogether, choosing a life of comfort under human care, symbolized by her appearance pulling a dogcart with a red ribbon—a…
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      Chapter IX

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      by testsuphomeAdmin The chapter opens with Boxer, the hardworking horse, suffering from a split hoof but refusing to rest, driven by his ambition to see the windmill completed before his retirement. Despite Clover and Benjamin's efforts to treat his injury and persuade him to slow down, Boxer remains steadfast. The narrative then shifts to the topic of retirement ages and pensions established on Animal Farm, revealing the promised benefits for aging animals. Boxer’s twelfth birthday, marking his eligibility for retirement,…
    • Chapter IV – Critique of Language Cover
      by LovelyMay Chapter IV offers a striking departure from traditional philosophical thought by challenging how we perceive and interpret reality. Henri Bergson insists that what we commonly call perception is not simply a private mental image but a direct connection with the real world. However, our practical needs limit this connection, pushing us to filter and simplify what we experience. What reaches our awareness is only a fraction of what exists, trimmed by usefulness and habit. In this sense, ordinary perception…
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      Chapter IV

      Chapter IV Cover
      by testsuphomeAdmin The chapter details the spreading influence of Animal Farm's rebellion across the countryside. Snowball and Napoleon dispatch pigeons to neighboring farms to share their revolutionary message and the anthem *Beasts of England*. Meanwhile, Mr. Jones, the ousted owner, drowns his sorrows at a local pub, receiving only superficial sympathy from fellow farmers like Pilkington of Foxwood and Frederick of Pinchfield, who are more interested in exploiting his misfortune than helping him. The two neighboring…
    • Chapter III – Theory of Perception Cover
      by LovelyMay Chapter III begins by investigating how perception evolves from raw experience into structured thought, revealing a spectrum that moves from the immediacy of sensation to constructed concepts. Henri Bergson does not view experience as static or neatly divided; instead, he explains that what we often call facts are not final, but moments within a continuum. Each moment serves both as a foundation for what follows and as a result of what preceded. This flow creates a layered understanding of reality, where…
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      Chapter III

      Chapter III Cover
      by testsuphomeAdmin The chapter depicts the animals' collective effort in harvesting hay, a task they complete more efficiently than the humans ever did. Despite the physical challenges of using human-designed tools, the pigs' intelligence and the horses' expertise ensure success. Every animal contributes, from Boxer's tireless labor to the hens gathering stray stalks, resulting in a record harvest with no waste. The absence of human oversight fosters a sense of ownership and pride, as the animals revel in the fruits of their…
    • Chapter II – Teaching Cover
      by LovelyMay Chapter II develops Henri Bergson’s view of life as a forward-moving force shaped not by mechanical causality but by inner momentum toward novelty and transformation. Progress, in this sense, is not driven by repetition or the weight of the past but by the draw of the future—what has not yet been realized but continually emerges. This movement is not random; it follows a rhythm of creative experimentation and accumulation of past experiences, always pressing toward complexity and consciousness. Such a…
    • Chapter II – Immediacy Cover
      by LovelyMay Chapter II presents a fundamental shift in how philosophy might approach life—not as something to be dissected from a distance, but as something to be encountered directly through lived time. Henri Bergson proposes that the essence of existence can only be grasped by immersing oneself in the continuity of experience, what he calls duration. Unlike fixed ideas or systems, duration unfolds, reflecting the natural flow of consciousness and life itself. Bergson sees this not just as a metaphysical insight,…
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      Chapter II

      Chapter II Cover
      by testsuphomeAdmin The chapter begins with the death of Old Major, whose revolutionary ideas inspire the more intelligent animals on the farm, particularly the pigs, to prepare for an eventual rebellion against their human master, Mr. Jones. The pigs, led by Snowball and Napoleon, take charge of organizing and educating the other animals, developing Major’s teachings into a system called Animalism. Despite initial apathy and skepticism, they hold secret meetings to spread their ideology, though they face resistance from…
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