PLOTINUS (A.D. 200-262)

Letters on Literature by Andrew Lang presents an engaging letter addressed to Lady Violet Lebas, wherein Lang embarks on a descriptive journey into the life and philosophy of Plotinus, the Egyptian philosopher born around 200 A.D. in Lycopolis, Egypt. The letter draws an intriguing parallel between Plotinus and the English literary giant, Dr. Samuel Johnson, highlighting their shared traits of laziness paired with moments of energetic brilliance, short-sightedness (both literal and metaphorical), and a blend of superstition and rationality. Plotinus, described as both a consistent vegetarian and a philosopher deeply immersed in the pursuit of knowledge, attended the schools of Alexandria before embarking on an exploratory journey which failed to reach India due to military defeat.

Lang’s narrative vividly captures the eclectic and mystic aspects of Plotinus’s life, including an attempted spiritual ceremony in Rome that instead of summoning Plotinus’s guardian demon, conjured a god from the higher circles. This incident not only solidified Plotinus’s confidence against rival philosophers but also showcased his mystical repute among his contemporaries. Plotinus is shown to possess supernatural abilities, such as detecting a thief with a mere glance and psychically intervening to prevent Porphyry’s contemplated suicide, advising instead a recuperative trip to Sicily.

The letter further delves into the philosophical contributions of Plotinus, touching upon his opposition to the Gnostics and his experiences of spiritual transcendence. Despite his philosophical prowess, Plotinus faced accusations of plagiarism, a common plight among many eminent figures according to Lang. The letter touches upon Plotinus’s modesty and his reluctance to have his portrait painted, a testament to his character that attracted both genuine seekers and the credulously curious. Lang humorously imagines modern-day intellectual disputes being resolved with the mystical competencies attributed to Plotinus, adding a layer of cultural commentary to his exploration.

Ending on a note of mysticism and the supernatural, Lang recounts the passing of Plotinus and the subsequent Delphic Oracle’s declaration of his transformation into a demon. Throughout, Lang maintains a tone of levity mixed with reverence, presenting the complex figure of Plotinus in an accessible and captivating manner that bridges the historical and philosophical with the personal and poetic.