The pro­vid­ed con­tent appears to be a series of notes or cita­tions rather than a com­plete book chap­ter. To help you in sum­ma­riz­ing effec­tive­ly, I would need a clear nar­ra­tive or con­tin­u­ous text that can be sum­ma­rized. If you could pro­vide a more struc­tured chap­ter, I’d be glad to assist with your request accord­ing­ly.