CHAPTER XVI – Flying Machines Construction And Operation

The chapter describes significant advancements and alterations in aeroplane design by the Wright Brothers and contrasts their work with that of their contemporaries. The Wright Brothers, motivated by their achievements, aimed for the perfect aircraft, making notable changes to their models between 1908 and 1909. The 1908 model, measuring 40 by 29 feet and featuring a 25 horsepower engine, demonstrated a lift efficiency, but the Wrights sought improvement in speed and structural efficiency.

In 1909, they introduced a model with reduced dimensions and weight but improved aerodynamics and structural strength. This model, despite being lighter, faced challenges in lateral stability that were overcome with advanced piloting skills. Adjustments included a narrower aerocurve and modifications to the engine and structural materials, which contributed to a speed increase from 39 to 42.5 miles per hour, maintaining its passenger capacity while reducing “head-on” resistance and improving propeller thrust.

Additionally, the Wrights introduced wheeled gears to their aeroplanes for the German market, marking a departure from their previous skid-based designs. This innovation facilitated easier learning for pilots, as it allowed for simpler takeoff and landing without the need for starting derricks.

The chapter also highlights the competitive landscape, acknowledging the Wright brothers’ three main rivals: the Curtiss and Voisin biplanes, and the Bleriot monoplane. The Bleriot monoplane is singled out as particularly formidable due to its speed records, the ability to cross the English Channel, and its impressive lift capability.

The narrative underscores ongoing innovation across the field of aviation, with leading figures like Curtiss, Voisin, Bleriot, and Farman advancing the development of flying machines regardless of patent disputes. The Wright brothers retain a competitive edge through patents essential to aeroplane construction, but litigation over these patents poses uncertain impacts on the broader advancement of aviation technology.