CHAPTER XIV -Flying Machines Construction And Operation

Chapter XIV of “FLYING MACHINES: CONSTRUCTION and OPERATION” delves into the complexities and unpredictabilities of wind currents, a fundamental challenge for early aviators and balloonists alike. Arthur T. Atherholt, through his experiences and observations, notably in the Aero Club of Pennsylvania, shares insightful reflections on the erratic nature of these currents, likening them to the tumultuous whirlpools of Niagara. His narrative, rich with examples from balloon competitions and solo journeys, emphasizes the inherent difficulties in navigating through shifting air streams that vary not only directionally but also in velocity, often without any apparent warning or pattern.

Atherholt’s anecdotal evidence, particularly from the Gordon-Bennett race and his own expeditions, illustrates the sheer unpredictability of these currents, showcasing instances where balloons, though launched from a single point and within the same timeframe, would find themselves scattered over vast geographical expanses due to the whims of the wind. His observations underscore a critical takeaway for aviators: the need for preparedness and adaptability in the face of nature’s capricious elements.

The chapter also explores the technical aspects of maintaining balance and control in flying machines, drawing parallels to the adaptability and techniques observed in birds. It presents a variety of methods aimed at achieving stability and equilibrium, from adjusting the angles of wings to the strategic positioning of the machine’s center of gravity. The discourse extends into the design intricacies that enable an aeroplane to counteract the disorienting effects of erratic wind currents, suggesting solutions such as dihedral angles and the employment of horizontal rudders.

Through a detailed examination of the challenges posed by wind currents and the innovative strategies devised to navigate them, this chapter not only highlights the complexities of early aviation but also celebrates the ingenuity and perseverance of pioneers who sought to understand and conquer the skies. The narrative weaves together technical methodologies with firsthand accounts, providing a comprehensive overview of the obstacles and achievements in the quest for controlled, sustained flight.