CHAPTER VII – Flying Machines Construction And Operation

In Chapter VII of “FLYING MACHINES: CONSTRUCTION and OPERATION,” the process of attaching a rudder to a glider is elaborated, highlighting this mechanism’s critical role in maintaining direction and stability during flight. Typically, gliders feature a single, static rudder at the rear to keep the device oriented into the wind. In contrast, advanced flying machines employ both front and rear rudders, which the pilot can adjust via wire cables for better control.

For enthusiasts ready to enhance their glider with a rudder, the chapter outlines a detailed procedure. Initially, a 2-foot-long cross piece is inserted between the center struts at the bottom plane, either bolted or braced, though bolting is favored for its strength. This cross piece serves as the foundation for the rudder beam, an 8 feet 11 inches component crucial for the rudder’s functionality. The same assembly process is mirrored on the glider’s upper frame to ensure symmetry and balance.

Constructing the rudder involves making two sections: one horizontal and one vertical. The vertical section is designed to keep the aircraft facing into the wind, while the horizontal section aids in maintaining equilibrium. The rudder’s frame comprises the rudder beams as the top and bottom parts, with two upright pieces, each 3 feet, 10 inches long and 3/4 inch thick, attached approximately two feet apart. These elements construct the vertical rudder’s framework.

This chapter provides a seamless guide for those looking to advance from utilizing a basic glider to operating a more complex flying machine by incorporating a rudder. The instructions are clear, methodical, and include specific measurements to ensure the rudder is both functional and properly aligned, underscoring the importance of precision and stability in aerial operation. Through this enhancement, the glider gains improved navigability and stability, crucial for aspiring aviators progressing in their aeronautical endeavors.