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      Query

      Query Cover
      by testsuphomeAdmin On February 28, Major Anderson sought his officers' assessments on the required personnel and ships to reinforce Fort Sumter for submission to the War Department and President Lincoln. He instructed each officer to provide their estimates autonomously, hoping that the daunting realities of reinforcement would dissuade the government from pursuing aggressive action. Captain Foster, the chief engineer, reported the highest estimate: landing and securing the batteries at Cummings Point and Morris Island…
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      On the Scent

      On the Scent Cover
      by testsuphomeAdmin In the chapter titled "On the Scent," dated March 3, John Delane, the editor of the *Times* of London, perceives that political tension in America is escalating to a point where violence might erupt. This conflict, particularly between the Southern States and the Union following Lincoln’s election, could make for captivating news for his readership, particularly those in England who might take some satisfaction in America's strife. To grasp the situation firsthand, he decides to send Sir William Howard…
    • The Old Gentlemen Pay a Call Cover
      by testsuphomeAdmin On February 23, the day Lincoln arrived in Washington, he invited the delegates of the Washington Peace Convention to a reception in his parlor suite at the Willard Hotel. Among these delegates was William Cabell Rives, a former congressman and senator from Virginia, who, despite owning almost one hundred slaves, was a staunch unionist. Rives, along with other delegates, attended the Peace Convention, which had become deadlocked as both sides clung to their beliefs. Fueled by frustration, Rives delivered a…
    • Seward’s Trick Cover
      by testsuphomeAdmin In the backdrop of a looming Inauguration Day, only two days away, President-elect Abraham Lincoln found himself still finalizing his cabinet. The process had been marred by political infighting, particularly concerning the selection of key positions. William Seward had already accepted the role of Secretary of State; however, other cabinet appointments were still under heated debate. Lincoln appeared inclined to choose Salmon Chase, a fervent abolitionist, for the Secretary of the Treasury role. This…
    • Interesting News Cover
      by testsuphomeAdmin In the chapter titled "Interesting News," dated March 1-3, the narrative unfolds from Fort Sumter, where Private Millens updates his father about the heightened military activity in Charleston. He observes that the surrounding fortifications are nearing completion, particularly noting the transformation of Morris Island into a formidable defensive structure made up of numerous batteries. Millens mentions a new weapon, the floating battery, believed to be near completion, describing it as both formidable…
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      Mystic Chords

      Mystic Chords Cover
      by testsuphomeAdmin The chapter "Mystic Chords" opens with a reflection on Washington, noting its unusual quietness and somber atmosphere on Inauguration Day, March 4. Journalist Henry Villard comments on the city's transformation into a Southern-centric locale despite the federal ban on commercial slave trading. With a significant but decreasing enslaved population, tensions were palpable, tipping the city into a state of unrest, as General Scott remarked on the fragile situation. Lincoln, struggling with anxiety about his…
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      Sickened

      Sickened Cover
      by testsuphomeAdmin In Charleston, on March 4, Edmund Ruffin read the inaugural address, which was delivered via telegraph to the office of the *Mercury*. As the crowd gathered to follow along, Ruffin noted in his diary that the address confirmed his belief that war was imminent. He looked forward to Confederate General Beauregard taking action against Fort Sumter and anticipated that Lincoln might provoke an immediate conflict by trying to reinforce the fort. The excitement in the air was palpable, as Ruffin observed no…
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      First Day

      First Day Cover
      by testsuphomeAdmin On Tuesday, March 5, Lincoln began his tenure with a letter from William Seward, confirming his acceptance of the secretary of state position. Seward reflected on his resignation from Congress, feeling fortunate to have avoided any major fallout. He acknowledged Lincoln's ambition to form a diverse cabinet, one that would face their shared turbulent political climate together, despite many being his former rivals for the Republican nomination. Seward expressed hesitation but felt compelled by duty towards…
    • Activity and Determination Cover
      by testsuphomeAdmin In the chapter titled "Activity and Determination," set on March 5, the atmosphere surrounding Fort Sumter reflects an increasing urgency and preparation amidst the escalating tensions of the Civil War. The men stationed at Fort Sumter, unable to access Lincoln's inaugural address for two days, observe a notable uptick in activity at the surrounding batteries in Charleston Harbor. This heightened activity is attributed to both the president's speech and the arrival of General Beauregard, who is tasked with…
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      Relief

      Relief Cover
      by testsuphomeAdmin The chapter titled "Relief" unfolds in the wake of Inauguration Day, a day previously fraught with tension and anxiety. Now that March 4 has passed without incident, a sense of relief permeates the atmosphere. Correspondence between Frances and William Seward reveals both personal and political concerns. Frances writes from freezing Auburn, New York, addressing the health of a family friend, Ethan Warden, whose illness she attributes to anxiety over the inauguration. Despite the grim circumstances, she…
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