• Chapter

      Conflict

      Conflict Cover
      by testsuphomeAdmin In early April, Major Anderson, known for his composure, expressed growing frustration with Washington's inaction regarding Fort Sumter. The catalyst for his discontent was learning of a telegram from Confederate Commissioner Crawford to General Beauregard, warning that President Lincoln might not order an evacuation, instead leaving the decision to Anderson, effectively letting him be “starved out.” Upon receiving the news three days later, Anderson felt compelled to voice his concerns in a letter to…
    • Chapter

      Suspense

      Suspense Cover
      by testsuphomeAdmin In the chapter titled "Montgomery and Richmond," the tension mounts in early April as Confederate President Jefferson Davis and his cabinet grow increasingly anxious about the situation. Their confidence relies solely on the assurances from their intermediary, Justice Campbell. The Confederate commissioners in Washington—who were accustomed to power and command—struggle with feelings of disrespect, particularly due to Secretary of State Seward's refusal to meet them. They anticipated being treated as…
    • The Petrel’s Delight Cover
      by testsuphomeAdmin **The Petrel’s Delight, The Demon of Unrest** In early April 1861, Charleston found itself enveloped in a mix of tension and oppressive weather as the workers at Sumter and enslaved individuals in Confederate batteries prepared for an imminent battle. The anticipated evacuation of Fort Sumter never occurred, raising the stakes for both sides. Cold temperatures and high winds plagued the region, and heavy rain throughout the weekend forced many indoors, creating an uneasy atmosphere. Keziah Brevard, a…
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      Storm

      Storm Cover
      by testsuphomeAdmin On April 8, Captain Fox prepared to launch his fleet with pride, having transitioned from a Navy man to leading a significant military expedition to Charleston, confident that the presence of the **Powhatan** meant victory. The tug **Uncle Ben** departed New York that evening, followed by Fox aboard the **Baltic** the next morning, expecting a successful rendezvous with his fleet off Charleston two days later. However, as the **Baltic** navigated out of New York Harbor, it faced a fierce Atlantic gale…
    • Russell, of the Times Cover
      by testsuphomeAdmin On March 17, during his first day in New York City, William Russell of the London Times was struck by the city's peculiarities. He described the sight of forty or fifty Irishmen in green sashes, marching to mass, contrasted by the fashionable attire of domestics and free Blacks. Despite the vibrant public life, the city bore the scars of winter—dirty snow and slush marked Broadway as people crowded the streets. Russell noted particularly the prevalence of chewing tobacco residue, a habit he found…
    • Some Good Thing in the Wind Cover
      by testsuphomeAdmin In the chapter "Some Good Thing in the Wind," occurring between March 24-27, Lincoln sought to gauge the extent of pro-Union sentiment in South Carolina, particularly Charleston. He dispatched two emissaries, Stephen A. Hurlbut and Ward Lamon, to ascertain the local mood following Captain Fox’s assessment of Fort Sumter. Hurlbut, a former resident with a dubious past, traveled under the guise of visiting family but reported back to Lincoln about the heightened war preparations in the region, including…
    • Rumor and Cannon Fire Cover
      by testsuphomeAdmin On April 9, Mary Chesnut, despite suffering from a bad cold, was getting ready to head back to Mulberry plantation. Initially reluctant to leave her home, a visit from her friend Robert Gourdin prompted her to change her mind. During their conversation, John Manning entered dramatically, proclaiming, “Madam your country is invaded.” He claimed that six warships were lurking outside the bar, while messengers Talbot and Chew brought news of imminent war. However, this alarming announcement regarding the…
    • Chapter

      Preparations

      Preparations Cover
      by testsuphomeAdmin On Wednesday, April 10, the primary concern for Major Anderson at Fort Sumter was food supply. He instituted half rations for the garrison, predicting they would last only two more days, until dinnertime on April 12. The men made do with rice scavenged from broken window glass left over from earlier. Assistant Surgeon Crawford documented this dire situation in his journal, noting Anderson's strict management of the limited resources. The officers became adept at salvaging crumbs from their meals, and…
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      Fatal Error

      Fatal Error Cover
      by testsuphomeAdmin On April 5, Lincoln faced the ramifications of a critical error: assigning the same warship, the Powhatan, to two separate relief expeditions. Late at night, he welcomed Secretary of State Seward and Navy Secretary Gideon Welles, who had hurriedly come after receiving a distressing telegram from New York. Upon reading the telegram, Lincoln expressed disbelief and took full responsibility for what he deemed carelessness and heedlessness on his part. He insisted to Seward that the Powhatan must accompany the…
    • Chapter

      Confession

      Confession Cover
      by testsuphomeAdmin The chapter titled "Confession" revolves around Major Anderson at Fort Sumter during a crucial period of communication and decision-making leading up to the outbreak of conflict. The mail delivery delays—lasting three to four days—heightened Anderson's sense of isolation, complicating his attempts to communicate effectively. Distrust in the telegraph due to potential intercepts left the mail, which both sides considered confidential, as the primary means of communication. On April 7, Anderson received…
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