CHAPTER XXV -Flying Machines Construction And Operation

Since the publication of this book in early 1910, the development of aeroplane motors has significantly advanced, allowing aircraft to operate with much less supporting surface area than was previously necessary. This progress has been marked by both increased speed and reduced weight of the motors, permitting aviators to use substantially smaller plane surfaces. For instance, the original Wright biplane, powered by a 25 horsepower (h.p.) motor and achieving speeds of up to 30 miles per hour, possessed a plane surface area of 538 square feet. Contrastingly, a newer model with a 65 h.p. motor, reaching speeds between 70 to 80 miles per hour, needs only about 130 square feet of plane surface to successfully carry an operator. Demonstrations at Belmont Park, New York, showed that these smaller-surfaced biplanes are faster, more maneuverable, and better at ascending than their larger predecessors.

This reduction in plane area is proportionate to the increase in speed; faster air travel requires less surface area to sustain a given weight. However, ensuring sufficient surface area for safe landings in case of motor failure remains crucial. The “baby Wright” showcased at Belmont Park in fall 1910, measuring 19.5 feet in length and 21.5 feet in width with a total surface area of 146 square feet, featured a new Wright 8-cylinder, 60 h.p. motor and two propellers, setting the speed record for the event.

The front elevating planes previously used for altitude control have been phased out in newer Wright machines, with regulation now solely through rear or “tail” controls. In addition to Wright’s advancements, the Detroit Aeronautic Construction and the Roberts Motor Co. have developed light yet powerful aviation motors. Detroit’s aeromotors come in four models, ranging from 30-75 h.p. and are notable for their light weight and 4-cycle, vertical, water-cooled design. On the other hand, the Roberts Motor Co. offers motors in 4- and 6-cylinder configurations, achieving remarkable power-to-weight ratios by eliminating unnecessary components, rather than merely reducing material thickness, which could compromise safety. These developments collectively herald a new era in aeroplane design and capabilities, driven by innovation in motor technology.