CHAPTER XXI – Flying Machines Construction And Operation

Chapter XXI of “Flying Machines: Construction and Operation” contrasts the limitations and costs associated with dirigible balloons to the advantages and performances of early flying machines. Dirigible balloons require substantial investment not only in their construction, with costs like the Zeppelin exceeding $100,000, but also in operation due to the need for frequent gas re-inflation, a procedure that can run into hundreds of dollars for a single refill. Moreover, the difficulty in controlling these balloons in heavy winds and their vulnerability to atmospheric conditions, like lightning, which resulted in the destruction of a major Zeppelin in 1908, represent significant drawbacks.

Despite these challenges, balloons have achieved notable performances. For instance, in 1907, the Patrie traveled 187 miles in under 7 hours, and the Zeppelin No. 3 made a 67-mile trip in just over 2 hours in 1906, both showcasing the potential for dirigible balloons under favorable conditions. However, these achievements pale in comparison to the advancements in flying machines during the same period, which demonstrated higher speeds and greater control. Early flying machines achieved speeds up to 52 miles per hour, with the Wright brothers covering 24 miles in 38 minutes in 1905 and Lambert flying a Wright biplane 29.82 miles in under an hour in 1909.

The chapter also highlights the expenses associated with producing hydrogen gas for balloons, emphasizing its high cost and the logistical challenges of obtaining it, particularly in remote areas or in sufficient quantities for large-scale operations. The production of hydrogen requires significant amounts of raw materials, such as zinc or iron, and sulfuric or hydrochloric acid, leading to further complications in emergency situations or for military maneuvers.

In summary, while dirigible balloons have their role in the early history of aerial navigation and have demonstrated some impressive feats, they are overshadowed by the greater potential, efficiency, and practicality of flying machines. The chapter underscores the technological, logistical, and financial hurdles that make dirigible balloons less viable for widespread use, especially as flying machines continue to advance in speed, control, and operational feasibility.