CHAPTER XI – Flying Machines Construction And Operation

In Chapter XI of “Flying Machines: Construction and Operation,” the focus is on the crucial aspect of controlling the machine through various means of manipulating rudders and auxiliary planes. The central idea is that the operator must have instant control over the machine to manage its direction, equilibrium, and altitude effectively. This control extends to adjusting the motor’s functioning, particularly in regulating fuel supply, highlighting the need for quick, precise actions due to the critical nature of airship navigation.

The text delves into various methods employed by aviators for control – ranging from steering wheels akin to those in automobiles, which manage both rudder planes and fuel flow, to foot and hand levers. Innovations in control techniques are exemplified by figures like Curtiss, who integrates aeroplane stabilization with a jointed chair-back, and the Wright brothers, who evolved their system from dual hand levers to a single lever for comprehensive control. The narrative also mentions Bleriot’s preference for a single lever, Farman’s use of a lever for rudder control paired with foot levers for balancing, and Santos-Dumont’s unique method of leveraging an attachment on his coat for plane manipulation.

The connection between these control levers and the aeroplane’s components is predominantly achieved through wire systems, which allow for precise movements of rudders and planes, emphasizing the simplicity yet critical need for calm and accuracy in operation to avoid danger.

The chapter does not endorse any single method as superior, acknowledging that each has its proponents and successfully meets the needs of navigation. It underscores the necessity for novices to thoroughly understand and master the control mechanisms before attempting solo flights. This mastery can be developed through practice with the machine stationary, ensuring familiarity with the effects of different control movements, which is portrayed as pivotal for safety and effectiveness in airship navigation.

This section essentially bridges the technical construction of flying machines with the practical challenges of operation, laying a foundation for safe, controlled navigation by detailing the evolution and variety of control methods in early aviation.