CHAPTER X – Flying Machines Construction And Operation

Chapter X of “Flying Machines: Construction and Operation” focuses on the key considerations in determining the appropriate dimensions for flying machines, with an emphasis on the significance of plane surface proportions relative to the load each machine is intended to carry. This complex problem involves not only the weight of the operator, motor, and propeller but also the challenge of estimating the completed weight of other components such as planes, rudders, and auxiliaries.

To aid in this task, the chapter provides detailed specifications of nine prominent flying machines, divided into monoplanes and biplanes, including their surface area, weight, power, passenger capacity, and dimensions. These examples serve as a practical guide for deciding on machine dimensions, suggesting that by analyzing successful models, designers can approximate the necessary specifications for their own projects.

In determining the overall lifting capacity, the weight of the operator is factored into the total weight of the machine, indicating the amount of supporting surface required per pound of load. The chapter highlights differences in supporting power between models, cautioning amateurs not to rely on exceptional instances as typical benchmarks.

The chapter also touches upon the variations in weight-sustaining power among different machines, emphasizing the crucial balance between surface area and engine power. The text explains that the engine’s role is paramount in maintaining the machine’s motion and, consequently, its ability to stay airborne. A comparative look at various machines suggests a general approach for amateurs: aiming for a total weight-sustaining power of approximately 1,200 pounds, accounting for the operator and equipment, while emphasizing the importance of using lightweight materials for safety and efficiency.

Lastly, the chapter contrasts the flight capabilities of birds, like the albatross and vulture, relating their efficiency to the principles that govern the design and operation of flying machines. This analogy underscores the importance of power and speed in achieving effective flight with reduced supporting surface area, providing a natural benchmark for aviation enthusiasts and engineers.